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Un desafío para proteger a las escuelas en tiempos de guerra

Por: Zama Coursen-Neff

Xarid estaba tan decidido a ir a la escuela que, durante todo el tiempo que pudo, se atrevió a enfrentar los peligros que se viven a diario en las calles de Mogadiscio, la capital de Somalia. Pero todo cambió el día en que el grupo insurgente islamista Al-Shabaab trajo la guerra a su aula.

«Al-Shabaab entró al predio de la escuela y nos dijo que nos quedáramos en la clase», me contó en un campamento de refugiados al otro lado de la frontera, en Kenia. Los combatientes montaron un lanzacohetes en el patio y comenzaron a disparar proyectiles en dirección al territorio controlado por el Gobierno. Durante más de dos horas, alumnos y docentes permanecieron encerrados en el aula, totalmente aterrorizados. Finalmente los combatientes de Al-Shabaab les permitieron irse, pero mientras los alumnos intentaban huir, el edificio fue alcanzado por un proyectil que, al detonarse, mató a ocho personas.

Es común que Al-Shabaab use escuelas en las zonas que controla. Algunos estudiantes me dijeron que el grupo había izado su bandera en el techo de las escuelas y guardaba granadas de mano y armas dentro de los edificios, mientras aún se estaban dictando clases. Varios jóvenes somalíes me contaron que Al-Shabaab se había llevado por la fuerza a niños del patio de su escuela para que combatieran con ellos, y también a niñas de las aulas para obligarlas a contraer matrimonio.

Lamentablemente, lo ocurrido en Mogadiscio no es un ejemplo aislado. Desde 2009, en al menos treinta países numerosas escuelas han sido atacadas u ocupadas y usadas para fines militares. Pero no debería ser así.

El 28 y 29 de marzo, Argentina será sede de una conferencia internacional sobre la protección de estudiantes, docentes, escuelas y universidades durante conflictos armados. El eje de esa conferencia será la Declaración sobre Escuelas Seguras, un compromiso internacional que se redactó como resultado de una iniciativa encabezada por Argentina y Noruega en 2015.

Los países que suscriben la Declaración sobre Escuelas Seguras no sólo se comprometen a restablecer más rápidamente el acceso a la educación cuando las escuelas sean atacadas, sino que además aceptan trabajar para que sea menos probable que se ataque a estudiantes, docentes y escuelas. Procuran disuadir estos ataques asumiendo el compromiso de investigar y juzgar crímenes de guerra en los cuales estén afectadas escuelas. Y aceptan reducir al mínimo el uso de escuelas para fines militares, como cuarteles o bases, para evitar convertirlas en blanco de ataques.

Tal vez lo más importante es que la declaración contribuye a formar una comunidad internacional dispuesta a respetar el carácter civil de las escuelas y formular e intercambiar ejemplos de mejores prácticas para proteger a escuelas de ataques y del uso militar.

Hasta la fecha, 59 países han adherido a la Declaración sobre Escuelas Seguras, incluidos nueve países latinoamericanos. Si bien este es un comienzo prometedor, aún hay mucho trabajo por delante.

América Latina ha tradicionalmente liderado acciones internacionales para proteger a los niños. Fue la primera región donde todos los países firmaron la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, el principal tratado internacional que consagra los derechos humanos universales de los niños. Fue también la primera región que suscribió con alcance universal el tratado que prohíbe el uso de niños soldados.

A menos de un mes de la conferencia sobre escuelas seguras, proponemos un desafío: hagamos que América Latina sea la primera región que adopte la Declaración sobre Escuelas Seguras. El Gobierno argentino, como anfitrión del evento, debe jugar un papel importante, empleando acciones diplomáticas y de asesoramiento para convencer a los Gobiernos de Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, República Dominicana, El Salvador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua, Perú y Venezuela, que aún deben suscribir la declaración. Los demás países que ya han adherido a la declaración —Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Panamá, Paraguay y Uruguay— deberían apoyar a Argentina y alentar a los demás a sumarse.

Sin duda, todos los actores que trabajan para mejorar la protección de niños, incluidos los organismos de las Naciones Unidas, organizaciones internacionales y organizaciones no gubernamentales, acompañarán los esfuerzos para conseguir que más países firmen la declaración. Aunque no sucederá de un momento a otro, la meta de un mundo seguro en el que los niños puedan ir a la escuela, dondequiera que vivan, sin duda hace que el esfuerzo valga la pena.

Fuente: https://www.hrw.org/es/news/2017/03/08/un-desafio-para-proteger-las-escuelas-en-tiempos-de-guerra

 

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Kenia: Gichugu MP awards bursaries to needy students

Kenia / 08 de marzdo de 2017 / Por: GEORGE MUNENE / Fuente: http://www.nation.co.ke

Students in need of money have a reason to smile after Gichugu MP Njogu Barua disbursed bursaries amounting to Sh24 million.

Speaking at General Kassam Stadium in Kianyaga town, Mr Barua said 11,000 secondary and college students have benefitted.

The lawmaker told parents and teachers that all the students from poor family backgrounds who had applied for money had been considered.

«We vetted the applicants and all [of them] qualified to be awarded bursary,» he said, adding that he is committed to ensure that no bright and needy students drop out due to lack of fees.

The MP said that since 2013 when the constituency development fund committee started awarding bursary, enrolment had increased.

«We have so many students who have joined secondary schools because of the CDF bursary,» he observed.

Moreover, he said investments in spurring education, such constructing classrooms, dormitories and laboratories, are ongoing.

On politics, he foreshadowed that the National Super Alliance (Nasa) will lose to Jubilee Party in the August elections.

The legislator also said he is prepared to defend his seat in the polls.

Fuente noticia: http://www.nation.co.ke/counties/Kirinyaga/11-000-students-get-bursaries/3444752-3837904-12tk869z/index.html

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Kenya: No Salary for University of Nairobi’s Striking Lecturers

Kenya/ 7 de marzo 2017/Autora: Jeremiah Wakaya /Fuente: AllAfrica

Nairobi — The University of Nairobi (UoN) has withheld February salaries for approximately 1300 lecturers participating in the ongoing industrial action which begun on January 18.

In a memo to all members of staff, Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Administration and Finance Prof Isaac Mbeche said the institution will only pay «members of staff who carried out their duties fully in the month of February 2017.»

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Kenia: Los Profesores de la Universidad de Nairobi en huelga por falta de Salarios

Nairobi – La Universidad de Nairobi (uEn) ha retenido los salarios de febrero de aproximadamente 1300 profesores que participan en la medida de fuerza en curso, que iniciaron el 18 de enero.

En un memorándum a todos los miembros del personal, Vicerrector Adjunto a cargo de la Administración y Finanzas Prof. Isaac Mbeche dijo que la institución sólo pagará «miembros del personal que llevan a cabo sus funciones plenamente en el mes de febrero de 2017.»

Fuente de la Noticia:

http://allafrica.com/stories/201703040115.html

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Kenya: No Salary for University of Nairobi Striking Lecturers

Kenya/06 de Marzo de 2017/Allafrica

Resumen: La Universidad de Nairobi (UoN) ha retenido los sueldos de febrero de aproximadamente 1300 profesores que participaron en la acción industrial que comenzó el 18 de enero. 

En un memorando dirigido a todos los miembros del personal, el Vicecanciller Adjunto a cargo de Administración y Finanzas, el Profesor Isaac Mbeche, dijo que la institución sólo pagará «a los miembros del personal que cumplieron plenamente sus funciones en el mes de febrero de 2017».

The University of Nairobi (UoN) has withheld February salaries for approximately 1300 lecturers participating in the ongoing industrial action which begun on January 18.

In a memo to all members of staff, Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Administration and Finance Prof Isaac Mbeche said the institution will only pay «members of staff who carried out their duties fully in the month of February 2017.»

The memo further went on to indicate that those who will receive their salaries shall be paid subject to government capitation and internally generated funds something that has raised eyebrows given that most students were yet to pay their fees which contribute significantly to internally generated revenues.

Lecturers went on strike to demand for the negotiation and implementation of a Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) for the 2013-2017.

Talks between the Universities Academic Staff Union (UASU) and the Inter Public Universities Consultative Council Forum (IPUCCF) however, yielded no fruits after the union rejected a Sh10 billion offer from the government.

UASU instead demanded for a 20 and 30 percent increment on basic salaries and house allowance terming the government offer as inadequate since it only amounted to a 3.2 and 1.6 percent increment on the two pay components.

Early February, the union had asked its members to defy a directive by the University Senate ordering them to resume work immediately; maintaining that dons would only report back to work after the CBA is negotiated and implemented.

«I don’t know where they (UoN) are getting the powers to talk to our members (lecturers),» UASU UoN chapter Secretary George Omondi told Capital FM News on February 3 in response to the order. «It is actually unprocedural.

The strike was called by the national office of UASU and the matters that took us to the strike have not been resolved so we’re not going back to work.»

Throughout the month of February, union officials have made numerous attempts to get the Ministry of Education intervene to jumpstart the negotiation process which collapsed after February 10 in vain.

While meeting the Senate Education Committee of Friday, UASU officials revealed that part of their demands in the CBA was reasonable compensation for all lecturers taking part in lucrative Module II programs while accusing public universities of using the parallel programmes to generate huge sums of money.

«We wanted other forms of compensation in view of the fact that the academic staff not only teach; they research and lately they are cash cows for universities,» UASU National Chairperson Muga K’olale told the committee.

Fuente: http://allafrica.com/stories/201703040115.html

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Kenya: Education CS Distances Himself From Lecturers’ Pay Talks

Education Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang’i has distanced himself from talks geared towards ending the lecturers’ strike, saying he does not want to interfere with the due process.

In a move that is likely to prolong the strike that has paralysed learning in public universities, Dr Matiang’i said the process of negotiating a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is informed by the Constitution, labour laws and employee and employer contractual arrangements.

«The CBA for the public universities is a negotiation between the employer, represented in this case, by the Inter-public Universities Councils consultative forum and three unions,» he said in a letter dated February 23 to Universities Academic Staff Union (Uasu) Secretary-General Constantine Wasonga.

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Kenia: Educación CS se distancia de negociaciones salariales en los profesores

El secretario del gabinete de Educación, Fred Matiang’i se ha distanciado de las conversaciones dirigidas a poner fin a la huelga de los profesores, diciendo que no quiere interferir con el debido proceso.

En un movimiento que es probable que prolongar la huelga que ha paralizado el aprendizaje en las universidades públicas, el Dr. Matiang’i dijo que el proceso de negociación de un acuerdo de negociación colectiva (CBA) es informado por la Constitución, las leyes laborales y los acuerdos contractuales de los empleados y de los empleadores.

«El CBA para las universidades públicas es una negociación entre el empleador, en este caso, por el Inter-pública foro consultivo Universidades Consejos y tres sindicatos», dijo en una carta fechada el 23 de febrero al Universidades unión del personal académico (UASU) Secretario -General Constantino Wasonga.

Fuente de la Noticia:

http://allafrica.com/stories/201702280170.html

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Kenia: Learning paralysed as families seek refuge in schools

Kenia / 01 de marzo de 2017 / Por: FLORAH KOECH – WYCLIFF KIPSANG / Fuente: http://www.nation.co.ke/

More than 37,000 pupils in 38 primary schools in cattle rustling prone areas of Baringo County have had their education interrupted following the killing of 10 people in a week.

Baringo Knut secretary Joshua Cheptarus warned of a bleak future should the situation continue.

Mr Cheptarus said that many parents in the area have been rendered paupers after their livestock which was a major source of livelihood were stolen by raiders.

“The situation is so bad here. More than 4,000 people who have fled their homes have sought refuge in schools (thus) hampering learning,” Mr Cheptarus told the Nation.

The Knut officials hit out at leaders in the neighbouring Tiaty sub-county for abetting cattle rustling, claiming that the culprits behind insecurity in the area are well known but no action has been taken against them.

Among the worst hit schools in Baringo North are Chepkewel, Kalabata, Yatia, Sibilo, Kapturo, Chemindany, Tilingwo, Kagir, Ng’aratuko,Kosile, Rormoch, Chepkesin, Kamwetio, Chepkew, Barketiew and Moinonin. Affected schools in Baringo South include Arabal, Ruggus, Mukutani, Kasiela, Chebinyiny, Chemorongion, Ng’elecha, Sinoni, Nyimbei, Tuiyotich and Kapindasum.

CRISIS LOOMING

A humanitarian crisis is now looming in the camps with the affected families living in deplorable conditions. Unconfirmed reports also indicated that more than 10 children have died in the camps due to biting cold.

The killings which have been witnessed in Baringo South and Baringo North are believed to be retaliatory following the killing of two Tiaty sub-county politicians by unknown people in Marigat two weeks ago.

The two Fredrick Kibet Cheretei (Loyamorok ward MCA) and Tiaty Jubilee parliamentary aspirant Simon Pepee Kitambaa were shot dead by hooded killers who were armed with machetes and an AK47 rifle at a bar.

A vehicle belonging to the deceased MCA was also torched, while that of the parliamentary aspirant had its windscreen shattered by the assailants. The killers also made away with a yellow polythene bag whose contents were not established.

Leaders from the banditry ravaged areas in Baringo County are on the spot for doing nothing to avert cold blood murders. West Pokot Senator John Lonyangapuo expressed his frustration in reaching out to Baringo leaders in a bid to broker peace.

Fuente noticia: http://www.nation.co.ke/news/education/Learning-paralysed-families-refuge-schools-/2643604-3830160-4l58ol/index.html

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East Africa: Program Launched in Ethiopia to Assist Refugees, Host Communities

África/27 de Febrero de 2017/Allafrica

Resumen: Un programa de 30 millones de euros fue lanzado en Etiopía el miércoles para abordar los desafíos de protección y desarrollo que enfrentan los refugiados y las comunidades de acogida en la nación del Cuerno de África.

A 30-million-euro program was launched in Ethiopia on Wednesday to address protection and development challenges facing refugees and host communities in the Horn of Africa nation.

Ethiopia is a major refugee-hosting country in Africa, sheltering many who fled conflicts in neighboring South Sudan and Somali.

The program dubbed Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP) is part of the wider RDPP in the Horn of Africa, which is led by the Netherlands in cooperation with the EU Delegation to Ethiopia.

Speaking during the launch in Ethiopia’s capital Addis Ababa, Chantal Hebberecht, Head of EU Delegation to Ethiopia, hailed Ethiopia’s open-door policy towards refugees.

She noted that the program supports basic services delivery in water, energy, and education, livelihood activities and job creation, legal aid and capacity building of local authorities.

 «The strategic approach of RDPP Ethiopia is to promote integrated solutions, which will benefit both refugees and host communities to ensure a more coordinated and sustainable use of funding and also to create greater self-reliance, stimulate socio-economic development and reduce tensions between refugees and host communities related for instance to scarcity of resources,» said Hebberecht.

Also speaking on the occasion, Zeynu Jemal, Ethiopian Deputy Director of the Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs (ARRA), noted that the number of refugees in need of protection and assistance has increased sharply in the last few years.

Limited livelihood opportunities for the refugees and their host communities together with the lack of quality basic and essential social service provision are now resulting in their limited potential for self-reliance and their dependence on humanitarian assistance, he said.

Ethiopia hosts the second-largest refugee population in Africa — almost 800,000 refugees from neighboring countries, according to the EU.

Fuente: http://allafrica.com/stories/201702230051.html

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