Syrian: The world’s toughest place to study?

Syrian/09.04.2018/ Fom: BBC.com.

In the rubble of Syria’s long war, there are all kinds of images of destruction and despair.

But despite all the odds, in the depths of the siege of Eastern Ghouta, there are young people still trying to study and plan for a future.

Such students rely on universities offering online degrees – and as well as the challenges of staying alive, they have to find access to electricity and internet connections.

Mahmoud, a 20-year-old in Eastern Ghouta, has been studying computer science with the US-based University of the People, which offers degrees to people out of reach of conventional higher education.

‘Heavy shelling’

He took classes at secondary school in Eastern Ghouta through years of civil war and the siege – but then had nowhere to continue his studies into university.

House of a student in Eastern Ghouta
Image captionThe shattered home of a student in Eastern Ghouta. He survived by being elsewhere at the time it was hit.

«When I finished high school I couldn’t find a university that offered computer science degrees,» he tells the BBC.

Studying and getting a degree are important as a way of looking forward, says Mahmoud, a symbol of something better in the future.

«I think I’ve put my first step on the road,» he says.

The University of the People is billed as the alternative university for people with no other alternative. It was used by Syrian students during the battle for Aleppo when the city’s own university was hit by rockets.

Siege of Eastern Ghouta
Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES
Image captionRescuing a child after an air strike during the siege

It allows students to study for an accredited degree entirely online, with support from the likes of Google and the Gates Foundation, and staffed by volunteer academics and retired university lecturers.

In Eastern Ghouta, described by the UN secretary general as «hell on earth», the university has about 10 students still following courses.

‘Survival’ and ‘hope’

But how can anyone focus on studying during such attacks?

«Of course there are a lot of psychological effects because of what is happening around us,» says Mahmoud.

«When the bombardment, the shelling, gets very heavy, the only thing we think about is our survival.

«And then when the bombardment gets better, even for a short amount of time, we go back to thinking about our jobs, our studies, what are we going to do in the future.

«I think personally that this dilemma is a psychological problem in itself.

The aftermath of an air raid
Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES
Image captionMoving through the smoking ruins after an attack last week

«Because our minds wander between two separate lives – the life of a young person trying to complete his studies and achieve his goals – and the life of a 20-year-old just trying to get through the day and to survive again to see another day.»

But having the opportunity to study, in a place cut off and encircled, is a rare source of «optimism», he says.

«I want to graduate, to have a degree. For us under siege that’s a very big opportunity. It gives students hope.»

It’s a remarkable type of determination.

«I’m motivated to learn and want to keep learning. If I have the chance, I want to be part of the process of rebuilding the country again,» says Mahmoud.

‘We’ve had a bloody day today’

But it’s far from easy.

Until last month, it was «difficult but manageable» to keep up his studies, relying for power on local generators.

Mariam Hammad
Image captionMariam – a student who worked by candlelight during the battle for Aleppo

«Things like electricity, internet connection, everything I need for my virtual study was hard to get because of the siege and sometimes not available at all.»

But the situation has worsened.

All the families in his building have had to move down to take shelter together in the basement, he says.

Another computer studies student, Majed, has had his home demolished by an air raid. He has been struggling with unreliable internet connection and problems charging his phone.

While many students around the world are preparing for exams, he sent a message last week to say: «We’ve had a bloody day today. Dozens of air strikes.»

On Tuesday, Majed said a ceasefire for negotiations seemed to be holding.

Family in siege of Eastern Ghouta
Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES
Image captionFamilies emerging from underground shelters earlier this week

But food and power remained scarce and very expensive and people had moved to makeshift bomb shelters to escape the shelling.

He fears for Syria’s next generation, missing out on education and with the risk of «ignorance and child labour».

While other students are counting down the days to final exams, he has been counting the numbers of victims.

But Majed says he still has «faith» and is looking to the future. He wants to get a PhD.

«Our lives should continue, the war should not prevent us. In the end we’re the ones to rebuild the country and repair the damage.

«I believe education will help us build our future.»

From: http://www.bbc.com/news/business-43555596

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Trump’s war on children

 by Henry A. Giroux

Under the authoritarian reign of Donald Trump, finance capitalism now drives politics, governance, and policy in unprecedented ways and is more than willing to sacrifice the future of young people for short-term political and economic gains. More than willing to wage a war on America’s children, the Trump administration provides a disturbing index of a society in the midst of a deep moral and political crisis. Too many young people today live in an era of foreclosed hope, an era in which it is difficult either to imagine a life beyond the tenets of a savage form of casino capitalism or to transcend the fear that any attempt to do so can only result in a more dreadful nightmare.

Youth today are not only plagued by the fragility and uncertainty of the present, they are as the late Zygmunt Bauman has argued «the first post war generation facing the prospect of downward mobility [in which the] plight of the outcast stretches to embrace a generation as a whole.» As the social state is decimated, youth, especially those marginalized by race and class, are subject to the dictates of the punishing state. Not only is their behaviour being criminalized in the schools and on the streets, they are also subject to repressive forms of legislation. How else to explain the fact that at least 25 states are sponsoring legislation that would make perfectly legal forms of protest a crime that carries a huge fine or subjects young people to possible felony charges? Increasingly, young people are viewed as a public disorder, a dream now turned into a nightmare.

While there is much talk about the influence of Trumpism, there are few analyses that examine its culture of cruelty and its effects on children. The most recent example is evident in budget and tax reform bills that shift millions of dollars away from social programs vital to the health of poor youth to the pockets of the ultra-rich, who hardly need tax deductions. As Marian Wright Adelman points out, such actions are particularly alarming and cruel at a time when «Millions of America’s children today are suffering from hunger, homelessness and hopelessness. Nearly 13.2 million children are poor — almost one in five. About 70 per cent of them are children of colour who will be a majority of our children by 2020. More than 1.2 million are homeless. About 14.8 million children struggle against hunger in food insecure households.» The Trump administration is more than willing to pass massive tax cuts for the rich while at the same time refusing to fund the Children’s Health Insurance Program, which supports over nine million children. When asked to defend the cuts, Republican Senator Orrin Hatch stated «I have a rough time wanting to spend billions and billions and trillions of dollars to help people who won’t help themselves, won’t lift a finger and expect the federal government to do everything.» Remember he is talking about children who are poor, vulnerable, and at risk for a range of illnesses. Such statements are more than cruel, they represent as political and economic system that has abandoned any sense of moral and social responsibility.

Another under-analyzed example of Trump’s war on youth can be seen his cancellation of the DACA program [Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals], instituted in 2012 by former president Obama. Under the program, over 800,000 undocumented immigrants brought to the country as children or teens before 2007 were allowed to live, study, and work in the United States without fear of deportation. In revoking the program, Trump enacted a policy that is both cruel and racist, given that 78 per cent of DACA residents are from Mexico — these are the same immigrants Trump once labelled as rapists, drug addicts, and criminals.

Trump’s contempt for the lives of young people, his support for a culture of cruelty and his appetite for destruction and civic catastrophe are more than a symptom of a society ruled almost exclusively by a market-driven survival of the fittest ethos with its willingness if not glee in calling for the separation of economic, political, and social actions from any sense of social costs or consequences. It is about the systemic derangement of democracy and emergence of a politics that celebrates the toxic pleasures of the authoritarian state with no regard for its children. Trump is the apostle of moral blindness, unchecked corruption, and revels in a mode of governance that merges a never-ending theatrics of self-promotion with a deeply authoritarian politics. He has unleashed a rancid populism and racially inspired ultranationalism that mimics older forms of totalitarianism and creates culture of cruelty that both disparages its children and cancels out a future that makes democracy possible.

Henry A. Giroux is a widely-published social critic and McMaster University professor who holds the McMaster Chair for Scholarship in the Public Interest, the Paulo Freire Distinguished Scholar Chair, and is a Visiting Distinguished University Professor at Ryerson University. Born in Rhode Island, he held numerous academic positions in the U.S. and now lives in Hamilton.

Source:

https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/8027469-trump-s-war-on-children/

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