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El informe de internet en Kenia señala incremento en acceso, comercio electrónico y arrestos de blogueros

Kenia/12 enero 2017/Fuente: Global Voices

Hackatón en iHub, una incubadora tecnológica en Nairobi, Kenia. Imagen de Erik Hersman vía Flickr (CC BY 2.0)

La Asociación de Blogueros de Kenia (BAKE por sus siglas en inglés) es una organización comunitaria que representa a un grupo de creadores de contenidos en línea locales, que busca fortalecer la innovación en este campo y mejorar la calidad del contenido creado en la web. El 28 de noviembre, BAKE hizo público su informe Estado del internet en Kenia 2016.

El informe, disponible para ser descargado, se realizó como parte del programa iFreedoms Kenya de BAKE, el cual promueve los derechos humanos y los derechos mediáticos en línea a través de la documentación, litigios de interés público, intervención en políticas, defensa y capacitación.

Este informe aborda problemas relacionados con internet que sucedieron en el país en el transcurso del año pasado. Los temas más relevantes son los siguientes:

La penetración de internet está en aumento

La creciente población de usuarios de internet en Kenia ha tenido efectos significativos en los medios de comunicación del país y la industria del entretenimiento. De acuerdo con el más reciente informe trimestral estadístico sectorial de la Autoridad de Comunicación Nacional, el mercado de información-internet se extendió a 26,8 millones de clientes, mientras que la cifra estimada de usuarios de internet aumentó a 37,7 millones.

La penetración móvil ha incrementado de 89,2 por ciento a un 90 por ciento, mientras que el porcentaje de personas que emplean un teléfono inteligente para acceder a internet en Kenia se ha acrecentado de 27 por ciento en el 2014 a un 44 por ciento en el 2016.

En el informe se observa que hay 6,1 millones de kenianos en Facebook y 2,2 millones que utilizan Twitter, por lo menos una vez al mes – un millón de esas personas revisan Twitter diariamente. WhatsApp posee 10 millones de usuarios; Instagram, tres millones de usuarios, y 1,5 millones de kenianos usan LinkedIn.

Los blogs son cada vez más populares – para lectores y escritores por igual

Escribir un blog constituye una profesión en desarrollo en Kenia, como lo evidenció el crecimiento de blogs nicho-área y el empleo en el sector. Los blogs sobre estilo de vida, negocios y escritura creativa registraron crecimiento durante el periodo, mientras que los blogs políticos y de entretenimiento perdieron lectores.

El informe buscó los 36 blogs más activos dentro del servidor de BAKE, así también las estadísticas de blogs particulares, entre octubre 2015 y octubre 2016. El análisis de los datos muestra que este sector ha progresado enormemente en términos de lectores mensuales.

Las visitas mensuales incrementaron en un 46 por ciento, de 12,4 millones a 18,1 millones.

La categoría de estilo de vida ha tenido el mayor crecimiento pues registró 69 por ciento, seguido por los blogs de negocios con 46 por ciento y la escritura creativa con 36 por ciento. El porcentaje de los lectores de blogs políticos cayó 47 por ciento, no obstante, seguido por entretenimiento con un descenso del 37 por ciento.

La industria también ha florecido para ofrecer carreras legítimas a través de la contratación de escritores a tiempo completo. Plataformas como HapaKenya, Techweez, Tuko, Ghafla! y Soko Directory cuentan con personal a tiempo completo en sus nóminas.

The cover of State of the Internet in Kenya 2016.

Portada del informe Estado de Internet en Kenia 2016.

Libre expresión: 60 arrestos de blogueros y periodistas

Según el informe, blogueros y periodistas en Kenia fueron arrestados al menos en 60 ocasiones el año pasado. La mayoría de esos individuos fueron aprehendidos en día viernes para mantenerlos encerrados hasta el siguiente lunes, en un esfuerzo de la policía para intimidar a las personas contra la autoexpresión.

El informe también documenta los grupos que encaran problemas de derechos humanos, como las personas LGBTIQ en Kenia. La intimidación cibernética y el acoso son amenazas comunes para los kenianos LGBTIQ. Estas personas, a diferencia de otros casos de intimidación en línea o deshonra, no tienen recurso legal, concluye el informe, porque las instituciones no reconocen sus derechos como derechos humanos protegidos.

A medida que el costo de acceso desciende, la economía digital crece

La economía digital de Kenia está aumentado y transformando diferentes sectores de la economía, entre estos la agricultura, los servicios financieros, la salud y la educación. Los costos de acceso a Internet son ahora dramáticamente más baratos, desde la aparición de los cables de fibra óptica submarinos en el 2007.

Un ejemplo de esto es la adquisición del blog de rumores Ghafla! realizada por Ringier, un grupo mediático con sede en Suiza con una cadena de creación de valor diversificado e integrado.

El informe de BAKE fue realizado con el apoyo de varias organizaciones como Internews Network, HIVOS y Article 19.

Fuente:https://es.globalvoices.org/2017/01/09/el-informe-de-internet-en-kenia-senala-incremento-en-acceso-comercio-electronico-y-arrestos-de-blogueros/

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Kenia: How the rich are taking social duty to next level

Kenia / 11 de enero de 2017 / Por: NEVILLE OTUKI / Fuente: http://www.nation.co.ke/

Imagine a school without teachers, no books, no tests or exams and no exit timelines. All that makes the school what it is are computers and Internet.

Here students, who pay no fees, are called innovators. They swap ideas with graduates from top-of-the league universities like Stanford or MIT. What is intriguing is that some of the students dropped out of high school.

Welcome to the École 42 in France, a brainchild of French billionaire Xavier Niel.

The school does not care about a student’s academic or social background; it’s more interested in self-motivated individuals who could be challenged in conventional classwork, but more importantly are naturally innovative. The only other requirement is to be between the age of 18 and 30.

Mr Niel pumped Sh10.8 billion (€100 million) in the school as his personal way of giving back to the society by empowering French youth.

Mr Niel, the founder of internet service provider Free, believes the institution’s future operations will be sustained through the alumni goodwill.

Some 1,000 students are admitted yearly, after passing through a vetting process.

“We have seen dozens of high school dropouts who passed through here ending up being absorbed by top companies or setting up their own start-ups,” said Mr Nicolas Sadirac, the school’s director and a holder of PhD in Physics from Stanford.

He reckons that business honchos, corporate captains and government mandarins in other countries like Kenya could well cement their legacy by directly pouring a portion of their huge resources into such initiatives as a socio-economic empowerment tool.

Mr Niel’s school recently opened operations in South Africa after a group of companies pooled resources and asked Ecole 42 to operate the institution with students paying no fees.

The way to go

The concept aims to ensure that students exchange notes, and learn from each other, besides making good use of the internet through collaborative projects.

The  officials at Ecole 42 believe theirs curriculum-free concept is the way to go because the ICT landscape keeps changing daily, limiting learners in traditional school setups that depend on fixed syllabus when things should be fluid.

“The no-teachers approach makes sense, as nearly anything you need to know about programming can now be found for free, on the Internet. Motivated people can easily teach themselves any language they need to know in a few months of intensive work,” said Sadirac.

Another investor who is keen to cement his legacy in the social responsibility realm not only in America but also in Kenya is Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen who through his private firm, Vulcan, has set up 10 small-scale solar plants in Kenya’s remote areas.

Company officials last November said that Mr Allen wanted to use the power projects to demonstrate business viability of rural mini-grids to investors, empower communities and trigger interest among businesses to invest in off-grid power solutions.

“He was not getting into this to make a profit, but to improve living conditions in Kenya’s Samburu and Kajiado areas through impact investing,” said Vulcan programme officer Courtney Blodgett.

His will be a legacy of a trailblazer who pioneered the concept of power micro-grids as the cheapest and shortest route to lighting up off-grid households in Kenya.

Allen’s Microsoft-cofounder Bill Gates has also been keen to leave a mark in Kenya’s healthcare and agriculture – knowing very well that demand for food is rising as the world’s population explodes.

Apparently, Mr Niel’s philanthropy will not stop at the 42 school. The billionaire has again channelled Sh27 billion (€250 million) towards constructing a tech start-up campus, Station F, billed to be the world’s largest with a capacity to host 1,000 start-ups.

The complex is set to go operational this year.

“The start-ups will pay a little cash just to enable us break-even,” said Roxanne Varza, the complex director.

“They will be required to step out to pave way for others once their operations and revenues grow.”

Kenya’s Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) had similar plans but never took effect. The Fund had planned to transform youth empowerment centres into office space to be leased to budding entrepreneurs at subsidised rates.

“We plan to refurbish and equip these centres with office facilities including computers and the Internet at a cost of Sh1 billion to spare young entrepreneurs the hassles of securing office space,” the Fund’s officials said earlier.

The 157 centres were established by the then Ministry of Youth Affairs in 2008 to boost growth of start-ups alongside talent-nurturing among young people.

Share services

In the arrangement, young people would pay for office space at subsidised rates which would see them share services such as communication and addresses to reduce traditional office costs mainly rent and utility bills.

Previous wealth reports on Kenya’s super-rich have in the past named President Uhuru Kenyatta’s family, former President Moi’s family and former Cabinet minister Nicholas Biwott.

Business moguls who have been named in past wealth reports include Vimal Shah, Chris Kirubi and Manu Chandaria.

These reports have invariably warned of a growing gap between the rich and the poor in many countries.

“The increase in the number of dollar millionaires could indicate a worsening inequity yet communism is dead and capitalism is thriving. Philosophers and economists should give us an alternative system,” said X N Iraki, a lecturer at University of Nairobi’s Business School.

The International Monetary Fund has identified better access to education, health care and well-targeted social policies as factors that can help raise the incomes of the poor and lower middle class.

Fuente noticia: http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/smartcompany/How-the-rich-are-taking-social-duty-to-next-level/1226-3511940-e50rl8/index.html

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Africa: Kenyan Connection to the South African Higher Education Sector

África/09 de Enero de 2017/Allafrica

Resumen: La reciente muerte del Prof. Rok Ajulu ha vuelto a centrarse en el por qué de tantos académicos kenianos están basados ​​en Sudáfrica. El profesor Ajulu, esposo de la ministra de Asentamientos Humanos, Lindiwe Sisulu, vivió la mayor parte de su vida productiva fuera de Kenya y no sólo en varias universidades sudafricanas, sino que también fue consultado por organizaciones internacionales.

The recent death of Prof Rok Ajulu has once again turned focus on why so many Kenyan academics are based in South Africa. Prof Ajulu, who was the husband of Human Settlements minister Lindiwe Sisulu, lived most of his productive life outside Kenya and not only in various South African universities but also consulted for international organisations.

The 1990s were interesting years for both Kenya and South Africa, mainly for political reasons. South Africa was emerging from apartheid. Kenya was re-entering more accommodative politics with the return of political pluralism from 1991.

But prior to the 1990s, the Kanu rule in Kenya had progressively created an anti-intellectual culture, which had led to many academics going into forced or self-imposed exile. Apart from America and Europe, the southern African countries of Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia and eventually South Africa hosted many of the migrating scholars, professionals and students who sought higher education in the region. South Africa became the preferred destination after 1994, when Nelson Mandela was elected in the first post-apartheid elections.

South Africa appealed to the migrating Kenyan scholars and professionals for many reasons. First, the political climate made it easy for Africans to settle down there. For those running away from political repression, South Africa’s liberal politics offered hope.

The pan-Africanist ideals of the African National Congress rekindled the dreams of the 1960s and 1970s decolonising Africa when academics were close to the political elite. These conditions made it easy for many scholars running away from countries such as Kenya, whose ruling elite had become quite intolerant and had jailed the academics before, to settle in South Africa. This is how individuals such as Prof Korwa Adar ended up teaching and researching at Rhodes University and at the Africa Institute of South Africa, in Pretoria.

Secondly, the South African economy was more advanced and offered better opportunities compared to many African economies that had been battered by the economic structural adjustment programmes that had seen the «real earnings» of civil and public servants collapse. Universities couldn’t pay lecturers living wages.

South African institutions of higher learning offered much better salaries and easily recruited from elsewhere on the continent because they needed to satisfy the new employment rules in South Africa that demanded that a certain percentage of staff in an institution be black. Considering that the apartheid system had disadvantaged black South Africans in education, qualified and skilled Africans filled the gap in the immediate.

Many Kenyans teaching in South African universities got employed in this way. But more also got employed because they were offering «special skills and knowledge», which was in short supply at the time of their employment.

Thirdly, and probably most important, and which explains the large number of Kenyan academics in South African universities today – compared to say Uganda and Tanzania – is that hundreds of Kenyans registered at South African universities for their Master’s and Doctorate degrees from the 1990s.

South African universities offered then and still do higher education comparable to any in Asia, Europe and America, more affordably. These institutions had a more established research culture than Kenyan universities and, therefore, attracted students who wanted to pursue postgraduate studies who couldn’t be absorbed locally.

 Many of those Kenyan students found lecturers who were eager to teach, supervise and mentor them; some of the professors were Kenyan. The South African professors found such students handy research assistants, which meant that the professors’ research output increased. Kenyan students were always seen as hardworking and able to finish their degrees within the prescribed duration.

Also, given that the Department of Education, through the National Research Foundation, recognises and supports innovation through direct funding, the universities, the professors and the students, all benefitted.

The result was a faster graduation rate and further registration for a higher degree or pursuit of post-doctoral research. This system partly explains the large number of Kenyan academics teaching and researching at South African universities, research foundations and independent organisations today.

There are at least three categories of Kenyan academics in South Africa. First, there are the exiles forced to migrate and travelled either directly to South Africa or via Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho or Swaziland. Some also transited through Europe, Asia or America, back to South Africa.

Second is the first batch of individuals who voluntarily left for studies, graduated and got employed. The third group is made up of individuals who were supported, taught and mentored by the earlier generation.

For instance, many in what one can call the Prof Adar generation «returned» home, got back to teaching, settled down into other work, retired or migrated to Europe and America, to teach. But the second and third cohort has a fair number teaching and working in South Africa.

 A few names – not representative but illustrative of the three groups – include Prof Shadrack Gutto (Director, Centre for African Renaissance Studies, University of South Africa); Prof James Ogude (Senior Research Fellow and Deputy Director, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria); Prof Nixon Kariithi (CEO Tangaza Africa Media, who previously taught journalism at Rhodes University and University of the Witwatersrand); Prof Sam Kariuki ( University of the Witwatersrand); Prof Dan Ojwang’ (University of the Witwatersrand); Prof Grace Musila (Stellenbosch University); Prof Collins Oguto Miruka (Vaal University of Technology); Dr Job Kibii (archeologist/paleontologist, University of the Witwatersrand); Prof John Ogony Odiyo (University of Venda).

Thus, the South Africa-Kenya academic linkages that were established in the colonial era when Mr Charles Njonjo and Mr Eliud Mathu went to study at Fort Hare University survived the isolationist years of the apartheid era and were firmly re-established post-1990. South African institutions of higher learning have contributed immensely to postgraduate training of teaching and research staff from several Kenyan universities.

For instance, the University of the Witwatersrand has produced tens of Kenyan PhDs in fields such as literature, media, medicine, law, engineering, history etc in the past three decades. Stellenbosch University is currently the lead partner in a postgraduate programme known as PANGeA – Partnership for the Next Generation of African Academics that involves Makerere University, University of Dar es Salaam, University of Malawi and the University of Nairobi. This truly multinational world of scholarship is the community to which Prof Ajulu belonged.

 Fuente: http://allafrica.com/stories/201701080015.html
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Kenya: Universities Staff to Go On Strike Monday After Talks Collapse

Kenya/09 de Enero de 2017/Allafrica

Resumen: La apertura de las universidades públicas en todo el país podría ser interrumpida a raíz del colapso de las conversaciones entre los conferenciantes, los sindicatos del personal no docente y el gobierno.

The opening of public universities across the country could be disrupted following the collapse of talks between lecturers, non-teaching staff unions and the government.

The Kenya Union of Domestic Hotels, Education Health Institutions and Allied workers (KUDHEHIA), the Kenya University Staff Union (KUSU) and University Academic Staff Union (UASU) on Friday evening failed to agree with the government to suspend the strike.

The union representatives vowed to discontinue their services beginning January 8 after the Inter-Public Universities Councils Consultative Forum (IPUCCF) failed to offer a counter proposal for their 2013-2017 Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA).

 According to KUDHEHIA Secretary General Albert Njeru, the unions have ran out of patience after the government refused to award them pay increment since 2010.

«We are very disappointed with the IPUCCF for doing nothing about the proposal we gave them on December 2012 for the 2013-2017 agreement,» said Mr Njeru.

 The UASU Secretary General Constantine Wasonga on the other hand accused the IPUCCF chairman Prof Ratemo Michieka of disregarding the CBA by engaging the unions in public relation gimmicks.

According to Dr Wasonga, the government is only trying to buy time since the CBA for 2013-2017 will be expiring in five months’ time.

«We will go on strike even if is for a whole year until the government takes us seriously,» said Dr Wasonga.

KUSU Secretary General Charles Mukhwaya also challenged the Education Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang’i to show leadership by ensuring that the crisis is averted.

The unions cautioned parents not to take new students for admission and continuing ones not to report as the strike would disrupt learning.

Fuente: http://allafrica.com/stories/201701080015.html

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Kenia: There is need to address wastage in education sector

Kenia / 08 de enero de 2017 / Por: JONATHAN WESAYA / Fuente: http://www.nation.co.ke/

When emerging and developing economies are discussing universal enrolment and retention, Kenya is at a crossroads with a system of education that is cannibalistic.

Since 2003, when free primary education was introduced, we have seen children in villages being taken to school, only for them to attain Es en masse, and we brand them failures after a decade-and-a-half of investment.

As a country, we are sitting on a ticking time bomb of wastage. A system of education that produces 33,000 candidates with Es after 12 years of schooling is a clear signal of failure.

We cannot afford to have over 50 per cent of any group of candidates sitting a national examination fail to transition to the next level. We must look at ourselves in the mirror and act.

When financial allocations are made, relevant policies passed and directives given to improve the efficiency of our education system but no follow-up is made, learners, caregivers, teachers and stakeholders lose out on the attendant benefits.

VALUE FOR MONEY

It looks like we have no time value for money in our education system. When policy is not seamlessly turned into practice to deliver quality education, wastage arises.

At the household level, when parents, guardians and caregivers fail to encourage learners to attend school consistently, they indirectly contribute to poor learning outcomes.

In educational terms, the wastage can be classified as internal or external. Internal wastage arises when children drop out of school or repeat classes.

The negative impact of such wastage has reduced due to free primary education grants and the Ministry of Education’s non-repetition policy.

However, we still have a very high dropout rate in the system due to hidden costs and external push and pull factors such as feeding programmes, drought, lack of quality teachers, cultural issues, and poor teacher-learner ratios.

External wastage is more serious in any education system. We have over one million children out of primary school, many in slums, with others in arid and semi-arid lands across the eastern and northern part of Kenya and rural villages in the country.

The 2014 Basic Education Statistical Booklet indicates that 20 per cent of children who enrol for Class One do not complete Standard Eight.

Of all the students admitted into Form One, only 48 per cent end up sitting the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination in Form Four.

POOR LEARNING OUTCOMES

Seventeen counties — Baringo, Narok, West Pokot, Isiolo, Kilifi, Uasin Gishu, Nairobi, Kwale, Kajiado, Mombasa, Marsabit, Tana River, Samburu, Turkana, Garissa, Wajir and Mandera — are still operating below the national averages regarding gross enrolment and net enrolment rates at primary school level.

For the secondary school level, 21 counties — Lamu, Migori, Baringo, Trans Nzoia, Busia, Kilifi, Uasin Gishu, Kwale, Mombasa, Kajiado, Nairobi, Isiolo, West Pokot, Narok, Tana River, Samburu, Garissa, Marsabit, Wajir, Turkana and Mandera — are still far from the national averages on gross enrolment and net enrolment rates.

The wastage indicators are higher for boys than girls across the nation. This means the investment and drive towards the empowerment of girls are beginning to yield results but this is a stark reminder that we need to stand up for boys.

To address the internal system inefficiencies, we need to rethink how our teachers are prepared to undertake their noble job, manage them better and ensure they have quality contact with their learners. They should be in school and teaching.

A 2013 World Bank survey on service delivery in education in Kenya shows that there are some teachers who are present in school but absent in class. It was found that for every 100 public school teachers, only 55 were in class teaching, and 27 were in school but not in class.

The survey also found that senior teachers, who are more experienced and better educated, were not performing their curriculum delivery roles as they were undertaking Ministry of Education or Teachers Service Commission administrative duties by making returns or receiving operational updates away from their stations.

Fuente noticia: http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/-Address-wastage-in-education-sector/440808-3508872-a6w5fyz/index.html

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¿Podemos hablar de los mejores 10 libros africanos de 2016?

Por: Sonia Fernández Quincoces

Presentamos un listado de publicaciones que conmueven y sumergen en otros mundos.

El final de año tiene mucho de hacer balance. Echar la vista atrás puede ser un ejercicio difícil. Con un pie dentro y el otro ya casi fuera, nos esforzamos en desterrar los malos momentos y tratamos de dejar que afloren aquellos otros que nos emocionaron. Tal fue el caso de la traducción del relato de Ngugi wa Thiong´o por el, siempre original y lleno de ideas, colectivo Jalada a más de 30 lenguas africanas (también el castellano) o la participación de Alain Mabanckou en el Collège de France.

Y, a falta de traernos el Nobel de Literatura a casa (próxima campaña ya preparada: #NgugiwaThiongoNobel2017), tuvimos la nominación para “The Man Booker International Prize 2016” de Fiston Mwanza Mujilla y José Eduardo Agualusa (con su Teoría general del olvido, publicado en Argentina), y las del egipcio Mohamed Rabie y el marroquí Tareq Bakari para el IPAF. Sin olvidar una finalización de año vertiginosa con la aparición de nuevas editoriales (como Baphala, que acaba de publicar El peluquero de Harare de Tendai Huchu), la noticia del aumento de Clubs de lecturas africanas, la concesión del Gouncourt a Leila Slimani por Chanson Douce, que la editorial Cabaret Voltaire ha anunciado traducirá para febrero de 2017, o el premio Cinq continents de la Francophonie a la tunecina Fawzia Zouari

Con rapidez acuden a nuestra mente algunos títulos que nos deslumbraron, tras ellos otros bien escritos pero que, por una u otra razón, no nos llegaron a enganchar, o los que nos desilusionaron después de haber depositado en ellos todas nuestras ilusiones… y nos ponemos a confeccionar “la lista” que todo final de año que se precie tiene que lucir. Sin embargo, las listas suelen englobar una gran cantidad de imprecisiones. Finaliza un nuevo año, se nos va el 2016, y seguimos cuestionándonos lo mismo en relación a la literatura que nos llega del continente africano, ¿podemos hablar de los mejores libros africanos de 2016?. La respuesta, para todos los que consideramos que hablar de literatura africana es hablar en términos de generalización, cosificación y reducción de lo múltiple y diverso, es no.

Esta es una lista más, tan incompleta y parcial como muchas otras que aparecen estos días. Sin embargo, no lista los “mejores 10 libros africanos de 2016”, pecaríamos de un exceso de soberbia. Resalta los 10 mejores libros (traducidos de manera inédita o reeditados este año pero muchos de ellos escritos con anterioridad a 2016) a los que hemos podido tener acceso (fuera queda un inmenso mar lleno de lecturas inalcanzables), y a través de los cuales diferentes escritores, originarios de otras tantas culturas y diversos países africanos nos han conmovido, nos han interpelado, nos han hecho profundizar en nuestros conocimientos, nos han abierto puertas, nos han brindado la oportunidad de tratar de entender (lo primero a nosotros mismos) y nos han sumergido en otros mundos, cada cual en el suyo propio.

Sabemos que otras listas no son solo posibles sino también necesarias y completan a la actual (las de expresión inglesa de Africa is a country, Writivism, Brittle Paper o Bookshy, o, los repasos a lo que ha surgido en expresión francesa que ofrecen Jeune Afrique o Le Monde Afrique, por ejemplo). Bienvenidas sean todas. Ésta es la nuestra:

1.- La confesión de la leona de Mia Couto (Alfaguara) / La confessió de la lleona (Edicions del Periscopi). Traducción: Rosa Martínez Alfaro (cast.) y Pere Comellas (cat.)

'La confesión de la leona', de Mia Couto.
‘La confesión de la leona’, de Mia Couto.
El mozambiqueño Couto es un mago del lenguaje y también un ensoñador de historias. En ésta, Mariamar, una de las narradoras, vive bajo la tiranía de un padre que la somete a una situación asfixiante y sabe que cuando el sol despunta es igual ser gacela o león; tienes que empezar a correr. El terror y el miedo se han adueñado de la aldea de Kulumani que continúa en guerra para las mujeres y en donde todos son infelices, sobre todo ellas, siempre excluidas, apartadas y borradas. Mientras leemos, iremos comprobando que en esta aldea hay leones de la sabana, leones fabricados por el hombre y hombres leones. Y que todos ellos, para nuestra sorpresa, son de verdad.

2.- Los pescadores de Chigozie Obioma(Siruela) / Els pescadors (Quaderns Crema). Traducción: Dora Sales Salvador

Portada de 'Los pescadores', de Chigozie Obioma.
Portada de ‘Los pescadores’, de Chigozie Obioma.
Con esta su primera novela, Obioma ha sorprendido al mundo literario. Con ella nos engancha a través de una narración trágica, que trae ecos de Chinua Achebe y que indaga en las relaciones familiares y fraternas dentro de una sociedad que respira modernidad pero que aún cree en supersticiones y creencias. De factura clásica, provista de un lenguaje evocador repleto de metáforas y descripciones prolijas y abundantes y traspasada por la nostalgia, nos engancha a través de una trama original con varias capas de lecturas. Novela sobre pérdidas, ya sean las de los sueños, las de un futuro luminoso o las del amor incondicional entre hermanos

3.- Sueños en tiempos de guerra de Ngugi wa Thiong´o (Rayo Verde). Traducción: Rita da Costa

Primer volumen de sus memorias traducido al castellano (el segundo es In the House of the Interpreter y el tercero, publicado este mismo año y seleccionado por The Guardian como uno de los libros de 2016, Birth of a Dream Weaver). En esta ocasión Ngugi nos descubre con ojos de niño la Kenia de su infancia y nos narra “el sueño de cambiar el destino de un país colonizado inmerso en una guerra genocida”. La evocación de su madre, junto con los esfuerzos por construir un modelo educativo propio que distara del impuesto, nos van dando la medida de la visión del escritor en ciernes que disciplinado acude a la escuela día tras día mientras va surgiendo en él la necesidad de contar a través de la ficción. Simplemente añadimos: queremos más.

4.- Crítica de la razón negra de Achille Mbembe (Nedediciones). Traduccción: Enrique Schmukler

El camerunés en este libro nos coloca delante de un reverso. Si para Kant la crítica fue de la razón pura, para Mbembe lo es de la razón negra. Y como armazón la raza. O el racismo, “del que solo se puede hablar a través de un lenguaje fatalmente imperfecto, gris inadecuado”. Ya que todo lo pervierte y lo quebranta. Algo que no existe, pero al que hemos dotado de presencia encarnada. El pensador parte de tres momentos que han ido dotando a la imagen del negro de un conglomerado de ficciones: esclavitud, colonialismo y neoliberalismo. De ficciones, sí, porque la denominada “razón negra” surge de ella.

5.- Civilización y barbarie de Cheikh Anta Diop (Bellaterra). Traducción: Albert Roca

6.- Vivir en la frontera de Leónora Miano (La Catarata). Traducción: Lola Bermudez

Se trata de un volumen de breves pero muy jugosos ensayos en los que la escritora nos habla sobre identidades y nos muestra algunas de las claves para tratar de entender su obra. “Afropea”, “la frontera” o “fondo humano universal” son algunos de los originales conceptos que analiza. Destacan los escritos dedicados a la música, ya que ésta ha actuado como “bálsamo y terapia” y las formas del jazz o del blues se encuentran en la composición de cada una de sus obras, en mayor o menor medida. Abundan sus reflexiones en torno a la literatura, la propia y las ajenas. No en vano, tal y como recoge Josefina Bueno en el prólogo, en una entrevista afirmó: “Escribo para intentar comprender al ser humano”.

7.- El bebedor de vino de palma de Amos Tutuola (Navona Editorial). Traducción: Jose Rodríguez-Feo

Recuperar un clásico como éste es traer a un escritor que nació en Abeokuta (Nigeria) en 1920, de familia perteneciente a los yoruba, su padre fue un agricultor. Sus comienzos no fueron fáciles, para poder ayudar a sus padres tuvo que dejar de ir a la escuela. De joven practicó diversos oficios: desde cartero hasta vigilante nocturno en un almacén para sobrevivir. Con el tiempo fue ganándose el respeto, incluso entre sus colegas, y está considerada un clásico, llegando a encontrar su propio lugar, el que le corresponde a una obra original, bella, nueva y única, narrada desde la honestidad de querer transmitir un mundo propio, con su propio lenguaje, con toda su complejidad y riqueza.

8.- La bastarda de Trifonia Melibea Obono (Flores raras)

'La bastarda', de Trifonia Melibea Obono.
‘La bastarda’, de Trifonia Melibea Obono.
 Melibea Obono era una desconocida hasta hace poco cuando en la última recta de este año que termina ha visto publicadas dos de sus obras: Herencia de bindendee y la que se ha seleccionado para esta lista. La ecuatoguineana habla sin tapujos, a través de la narración de una joven de la etnia fang, de lesbianismo y homosexualidad. Frente a un ambiente tradicional, rígido y nada permisivo, esta mujer va encontrando su propio camino. La búsqueda de un mayor espacio de libertad se realiza a través de una ruta hacia los orígenes (¿quién es su padre?) y por la reafirmación de una sexualidad prohibida frente a una sociedad que vela por la tradición y sus valores.

9.- El Millonario de Venance Konan (2709 books). Traducción: Alejandra Guarinos. Formato: ePub

La editorial 2709books ha ido publicando año tras año los relatos de este autor marfileño: Robert y los Catapila, El entierro de mi tío, La gata de MaryseLa guerra de las religiones y En nombre del partido. Konan afirma que lo que le lleva a sentarse delante del papel en blanco “son las ganas de contar cosas. A veces, son ganas de gritar” y que “los asuntos serios llegan mejor cuando se narran desde el humor.” El cuento o relato corto es un género difícil, y los de Venance Konan nos dejan un buen sabor de boca al acabar de leerlos tras haber soltado alguna carcajada, mientras nos inducen a la reflexión. En El Millonario nos promete: “Una fábula sobre el dinero y su capacidad de transformar los principios”. Dice la editorial que habrá más Konan en 2017 también.

10.- Trilogía de Argel de Yasmina Khadra (Alizanza). (Reedición)

'Trilogía de Argel', de Yasmina Khadra.
‘Trilogía de Argel’, de Yasmina Khadra.

El loco del bisturí (Editorial Esdrújula) es la primera cronológicamente en introducirnos al Comisario Llob. En esta Trilogía de Árgel se reúnen Morituri, Doble blanco y El Otoño de las quimeras que tuvo también su quinta entrega en La parte del muerto. A estas alturas, quien más quien menos, sabe que detrás del nombre femenino de Yasmina Khadra se encuentra un escritor que apenas necesita presentación. De su imaginación surgió un día el Comisario Llob, un hombre honrado y felizmente casado, pero también directo, violento y dueño de un lenguaje brutal, que además escribe novelas policíacas. Le suele acompañar el tembloroso y despistado Teniente Lino. Duras y descarnadas, las novelas que protagonizan muestran las lacras profundas de un país cosido por el integrismo y sometido a una auténtica “mafia política”.

Fuente: http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/12/27/africa_no_es_un_pais/1482865501_900087.html

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Kenya: President Kenyatta Says Students Will Use Personal Identification Numbers

África/Kenya/02 Enero 2017/Fuente:DailyNation /Autor: Ouma Wanzala

Resumen:Todos los estudiantes en todo el país a partir del próximo año voluntad puede asignar números personales únicas para realizar un seguimiento de su progreso académico, ha dich el presidente Uhuru Kenyattax

All learners countrywide will from next year be assigned unique personal numbers to track their academic progress, President Uhuru Kenyatta has said.

«The Kenya National Examinations Council (Knec) should cease the use of index numbers and instead ensure all registered examination candidates have unique personal identifiers (UPIs) in student registration numbers (SRNs),» said President Kenyatta on the day Education CS Fred Matiang’i released the results of this year’s Form Four examinations.

The President said the learners would use the personal identification number throughout their school life. He gave the directive after receiving a comprehensive report on the 2016 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination from the Ministry of Education and Knec officials before the results were released in at Shimo La Tewa School in Mombasa.

Education Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang’i said the use of a personal number would help to manage data in the education sector.

The ministry has been experiencing difficulties knowing the exact number of students in schools with different agencies giving conflicting figures.

Some school heads have also been accused of conspiring to steal government resources by giving inflated figures to secure more funding since capitation is based on the number of learners in schools.

This year, the Education ministry launched investigations into allegations that some schools were inflating enrolment figures to unduly benefit from the free education allocations.

Auditor-General Edward Ouko’s report on the ministry’s financial statements for the 2013/2014 financial year says that the government had lost millions of shillings in capitation funds in public schools through inflated enrolment figures.

Nationally, enrolment in secondary schools rose from 1.9 million in 2012 to 2.3 million this year, while in primary schools, it went up from 9.8 million to 10.2 million over the same period.

This financial year, Sh32.9 billion has been set aside to cater for students in secondary schools, while Sh14 billion will support pupils in public primary schools.

The government provides Sh1,420 for a pupil in a public primary school every year, while a student in a public secondary school gets Sh12,870.

The Basic Education Statistical Booklet (2014) report returned a glaring mismatch of figures sent to the Ministry of Education against actual numbers based on census.

On Thursday, Dr Matiang’i said the government was committed to paying examination fees for candidates sitting the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) and KCSE examinations in schools that receive its funding.

REGISTERING ‘GHOST’ CANDIDATES

«The government has now extended this facility to all candidates who will be sitting examinations in private schools,» he said.

Nationally, enrolment in secondary schools rose from 1.9 million in 2012 to 2.3 million this year, while in primary schools, it went up from 9.8 million to 10.2 million over the same period

This financial year, Sh32.9 billion has been set aside to cater for students in secondary schools, while Sh14 billion will support pupils in public primary schools.

The government provides Sh1,420 for a pupil in a public primary school every year, while a student in a public secondary school gets Sh12,870.

The Basic Education Statistical Booklet (2014) report returned a glaring mismatch of figures sent to the Ministry of Education against actual numbers based on census.

On Thursday, Dr Matiang’i said the government was committed to paying examination fees for candidates sitting the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) and KCSE examinations in schools that receive its funding.

Fuente de la noticia: http://allafrica.com/stories/201612300081.html

Fuente de la imagen:

 http://allafrica.com/download/pic/main/main/csiid/00370952:d55e6eda0ee3ed78034506e47052b6dc:arc614x376:w614:us1.jpg

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