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Banco Mundial/India: Invertir en la primera infancia para fortalecer la economía

Fuente: Grupo Banco Mundial / 4 de junio de 2016

En el transcurso de las próximas dos décadas, India tendrá una de las poblaciones más numerosas y más joven en edad de trabajar a nivel mundial. Por un lado, este hecho constituye una noticia alentadora. Pero, si el país quiere aprovechar plenamente esta ventaja demográfica y participar de manera productiva en la economía global, es crucial que India invierta en el desarrollo cognitivo y humano de sus ciudadanos.

La ciencia resulta convincente: el desarrollo humano empieza a temprana edad, es decir en los primeros 1000 días de vida. Durante el embarazo de una mujer y luego en los primeros dos años de vida de su bebé, hay ciertos aspectos cruciales para el desarrollo infantil en general, y estos son una nutrición adecuada, la estimulación y el aprendizaje a una edad temprana y un entorno seguro. Desafortunadamente, menos del 2 % de los niños en India tienen resueltas en suficiente medida las siguientes necesidades básicas en sus años más importantes: alimentación adecuada, atención de salud apropiada, oportunidades de aprendizaje a temprana edad, y acceso a agua limpia y servicios de saneamiento. La falta de respuesta a estas necesidades esenciales no solo tiene impactos irreversibles en el desarrollo infantil, sino también puede debilitar la futura productividad de la economía de un país. El mejoramiento de la nutrición en la primera infancia podría aumentar los salarios de una persona en la vida adulta entre un 5 % y un 50 %, y la reducción del retraso en el crecimiento podría incrementar el producto interno bruto (PIB) en una cifra que oscila entre un 4 % y un 11 %.

Si bien la magnitud del desafío que tiene India en materia de nutrición es enorme, el país ha realizado importantes avances en la última década al tratar de abordar este problema endémico. En el Informe de la Nutrición Mundial 2016 (i) —recientemente dado a conocer y que constituye la primera publicación exhaustiva sobre el estado de la nutrición en el mundo y en los países— se clasifica a India entre los países mejor encaminados hacia el objetivo de enfrentar el retraso en el crecimiento de los niños menores de 5 años. Aun así, el desafío sigue siendo grande, especialmente en los estados más pobres de India.

“El objetivo del primer ministro Modi de conseguir que India se convierta en la capital mundial de los recursos humanos se logrará solo si el problema de la malnutrición se aborda de manera inmediata y muy ambiciosa. India ha realizado importantes avances en los últimos años, reduciendo los niveles de malnutrición en el país, los que desafortunadamente continúan siendo altos”, dijo el presidente del Grupo Banco Mundial, Jim Yong Kim.

Dada la complejidad del desafío, se necesita un enfoque multisectorial. India, por lo tanto, ha realizado esfuerzos concertados para ampliar y fortalecer sus principales programas nacionales de nutrición, aprendizaje temprano y atención de salud, a través de los Servicios Integrados para el Desarrollo del Niño (ICDS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la Misión Nacional de Salud (NHM, por sus siglas en inglés).

El programa ICDS, que se implementa mediante una red de 1,3 millones de centros comunitarios de nutrición (centros “anganwadi”) y es administrado por un trabajador comunitario, llega a una cifra estimada de 102 millones de niños de hasta 6 años de edad, así como a mujeres embarazadas y madres que amamantan. Sin embargo, muchos de estos centros se focalizan en niños en edad preescolar, y por consiguiente no cubren el periodo crucial de los primeros 1000 días de vida.

El apoyo del Banco Mundial

Consciente de los factores multisectoriales del problema de la malnutrición, el Banco Mundial respalda las inversiones del Gobierno en nutrición, saneamiento y educación. Brinda asistencia técnica para vincular mejor los centros anganwadi con las escuelas primarias cercanas. Investigaciones recientes indican que agregar dos años de educación preescolar puede generar altos rendimientos en los ingresos a lo largo de la vida de una persona en India.

La ambiciosa iniciativa gubernamental “Misión Swachh Bharat” (SBM) —o “Misión Limpiar India”— puede constituir un cambio radical, porque el saneamiento es tan esencial como la alimentación para la salud infantil. Junto con intervenciones complementarias en materia de nutrición, la “Misión Swachh Bharat-Gramin (SBM-G)”, el componente rural de la “Misión Limpiar India”, procura abordar la alta incidencia del retraso en el crecimiento entre los niños del país.

La iniciativa SBM-G ha recibido USD 1500 millones en asistencia del Banco Mundial para el periodo comprendido entre 2016 y 2020. Con estos recursos se financiarán experiencias piloto innovadoras en 162 distritos de ocho estados con altas tasas de malnutrición: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajastán y Uttar Pradesh.

El Banco Mundial está también apoyando el empoderamiento de las mujeres y ayudando a promover los medios de subsistencia de estas. El nuevo conjunto de proyectos relacionados con los medios de sustento que se realizan en Bihar, Andhra Pradesh y Telangana tiene como objetivo fundamental mejorar la nutrición en los hogares, mediante la adopción de un enfoque multisectorial y el aprovechamiento de las plataformas institucionales de los pobres, es decir los grupos de autoayuda. Se espera que, en los próximos cinco años, aproximadamente 1,5 millones de hogares mejoren sus resultados nutricionales como consecuencia de estos programas. Este enfoque se ampliará también a otros estados, a través del Proyecto nacional sobre medios de subsistencia de las zonas rurales en los años venideros.

Inversiones acertadas como estas que se realizan en India en beneficio de los niños más pequeños, de quienes depende el futuro del país, son cruciales mientras el país se esfuerza por convertirse en la capital mundial en materia de recursos humanos.

 

Enlace original: http://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/feature/2016/06/29/india-investing-in-a-childs-early-years-for-a-stronger-economy

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Puerto Rico: Montan campamento de desobediencia civil frente al Tribunal Federal

Fuente: elnuevodia.com / 4 de julio de 2016

La manifestación contra la junta de control fiscal federal amaneció hoy en la entrada del Tribunal Federal, en Hato Rey.

Un grupo de jóvenes pernoctó justo frente al portón de la entrada principal del tribunal debido a la aprobación en el Senado federal del proyecto de ley que busca reestructurar la millonaria deuda pública.

Los manifestantes colocaron casetas, sábanas y carteles con mensajes en contra del ente que tendrá poder decisional sobre las ramas de gobierno de Puerto Rico en asuntos internos de la Isla.

Varios agentes de la Policía prestaron vigilancia sin intervenir, mientras que la seguridad interna del tribunal observa desde el puesto de acceso.

El grupo de ciudadanos comenzó a reunirse en los alrededores de la instalación federal cerca de las 6:00 p.m, cuando se entendía que de un momento a otro el Senado federal aprobaría la medida. Eso ocurrió cerca de las 7:30 p.m. La votación final fue 68-30. El proyecto pasa ahora a la firma del presidente de Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, quien informó que está preparado para convertirlo en ley.

La legislación otorga el poder máximo sobre los planes fiscales y los presupuestos del País a una junta federal de control fiscal compuesta por siete personas, todas designadas por el presidente de Estados Unidos.

 

Enlace original:  http://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/politica/nota/montancampamentodedesobedienciacivilfrentealtribunalfederal-2216426/

 

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EEUU: Rauner is driving faculty, students from Illinois

Fuente: chicagosuntimes.com / 4 de julio de 2016

A recent op-ed in the New York Times  [“Higher Education in Illinois is Dying,” June 3] has brought national attention to the shameful budget stalemate in Illinois, and its resulting devastation of our public universities.

By failing to secure a budget, Gov. Bruce Rauner has created a climate in which faculty and students alike have begun to flee, taking their talents and tuition dollars out of state. Springfield may think that our universities can sustain massive cuts to their operating budgets without lasting impact. As faculty at Illinois’ public universities, we come together here to say that they are wrong.

Education is the engine of economic growth in our state. The rapid decline in revenues that Illinois continues to experience will only worsen with disinvestment in the knowledge and skills of its citizens. All public servants, whether employed at the university or in state government, have a responsibility to fulfill. We cannot fulfill ours unless you fulfill yours. However we arrived at the current economic crisis, it cannot be bettered when compromise is only viewed as failure, and when precious state resources are used to further a political agenda. Inaction is not benign. The Illinois government is making a conscious decision that its public universities, the culmination of 150 years of state, federal, community, and private effort and investment, are expendable. This is unacceptable.

Article X of our state Constitution sets “the educational development of all persons” as a goal, promises “to provide for an efficient system of high quality educational institutions and services,” and assigns the state “the primary responsibility for financing the system of public education.” An engaged citizenry is the bedrock of democracy, and access to excellent and affordable public education is a civil right. Time is running out to ensure it.

Dana Rabin, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Catherine Prendergast, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Christopher Breu, CAS Illinois State University
Joyce Walker, CAS Illinois State University
Matt Felumlee, Department of English, Heartland Community College
Kerry O. Ferris, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
J.M. van der Laan, CAS, Illinois State University
Gary Weilbacher, CLAS, Illinois State University
Peter Ping Liu, School of Technology, Eastern Illinois University
Brian R. Horn, College of Education, Illinois State University
Claudia Janssen Danyi, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Susan Kalter, CAS, Illinois State University
Rebecca Saunders, CAS, Illinois State University
Amy Robillard, CAS, Illinois State University
James J. Pancrazio, CAS Illinois State University
Christopher C. De Santis, CAS, Illinois State University
Michael Day, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
Joe Amato, CAS, Illinois State University
Tania Ionin, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
James Hye Suk Yoon, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Amy Rosenstein, College of Ed and Professional Studies, Eastern Illinois University
Ann Haugo, School of Theatre and Dance, Illinois State University
Deborah Wittman, College of Ed, Illinois State University
Sarah Hochstetler, CAS, Illinois State University
William Thomas McBride, CAS, Illinois State University
Jill Hallett, College of Education, University of Illinois at Chicago
Christina M. Borders, College of Education, Illinois State University
Phillip Eubanks, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
Olaya Landa-Vialard, College of Ed, Illinois State University
Lennard Davis, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
Juliet Lynd, LAS, Illinois State University
Caroline Mallory, Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University
E. Paula Crowley, College of Education, Illinois State University
Lea Cline, School of Art, Illinois State University
Jeff Rients, CAS, Illinois State University
Susan A Hildebrandt, CAS, Illinois State University
Rachel Shively, CAS, Illinois State University
Rick Hallett, CAS, Northeastern Illinois University
Russell Zanca, CAS, Northeastern Illinois University
Kathleen Renk, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
Diana Swanson, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
Richard Cameron, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Marjorie Worthington, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Christine McCormick, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Robert Zordani, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Renee King, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Steve Brantley, Library, Eastern Illinois University
Angela Glaros, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Timothy N. Taylor, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Rena Shifflet, School of Teaching and Learning, Illinois State University.
Gabrielle M. Toth, Library Information Services, University of Illinois at Chicago
Diane Burns, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Jeannie Ludlow, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Edmund F. Wehrle, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Jennifer L. Stringfellow, College of Ed and Prof. Studies, Eastern Illinois University
Leila Porter, LAS, Northern Illinois University
Charles R. Foy, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Ann Brownson, Ballenger Teachers Center, Eastern Illinois University
Gary E. Aylesworth, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Marina Terkourafi, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Rosemary Buck, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Sonia Kline, College of Education, Illinois State University
Peter Andrews, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Robin L. Murray, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Ralph Cintron, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Maria T. Pao, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Gary Justis, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Edward O. Stewart, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Issam Nassar, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Fern Kory, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Peter Hesterman, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Marjorie Moretz Stinespring, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Leroy Bryant, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Carol Jean Dudley, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Jamie V. Ryan, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Jason Reblando, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Ann Kuzdale, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Shaila Christofferson, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Fiona Ngo, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Mukti Upadhyay, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Michael Leddy, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Lee E. Patterson, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Steven E. Rowe, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Kelly Harris, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Iryce Baron, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dennis Baron, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Eric Bollinger, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Amalia Pallares, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Bill O’Donnell, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Andreas Fischer, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Scott Balcerzak, LAS, Northern Illinois University
Marcia Buell, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
Christina Bueno, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
Maureen Kelty, Daniel L Goodwin College of Education, Northeastern Illinois University
Brandon P. Bisbey, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
Lisa Wallis, Library, Northeastern Illinois University
Melanie Bujan, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
Lou Bohr, Daniel L Goodwin College of Education, Northeastern Illinois University
Alison Dover, Daniel L Goodwin College of Education, Northeastern Illinois University
Cyndi Moran, Professor, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
James Ball, Daniel L Goodwin, College of Education, Northeastern Illinois University
Kristin Carlson, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Janet Halpin, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
James M. Skibo, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Eric L. Peters, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Katie Lewandowski, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
James Stanlaw, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Xóchitl Bada, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Maria de los Angeles Torres, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Richard Sullivan, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Elizabeth A. Skinner, College of Education, Illinois State University
Eastern Illinois University, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Grant C. Sterling, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Michael D. Gillespie, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Lauren M. Lowell, College of Fine Arts, Illinois State University
Víctor Alejandro Sorell, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Therese Quinn, Architecture, Design, and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago
Cedric Johnson, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Aleeca Bell, Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
Robert Johnston, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Barbara DiEugenio, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
John Abbott, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Janet Smith, Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago
Joan Kennelly, College of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
Aaron Krall, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Laurie Quinn, Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
James Drown, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Blake Simpson, Architecture, Design, and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago
Anthony Simon Laden, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Laurie Schaffner, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Paul Preissner, Architecture, Design, and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago
John Betancur, Urban Planning and Public Affairs
Jeffrey Sklansky, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
John D’Emilio, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Marina Mogilner, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nicole Jordan, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Laura Hostetler, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Mark Liechty, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Susan Hughes, Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
Susan Altfeld, Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
Joe Persky, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
John A. Jones, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Renato Barahona, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Jennifer Brier, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Richard Levy, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Kevin Schultz, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Joseph Tabbi, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Julie Peters, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Rachel Weber, Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago
Jim Hansen, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Liv Stone, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Frank McCormick, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Robert Zordani, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Joel Palka, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Timothy Bell, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Robert E. Bionaz, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago State University
Melissa Ames, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Lucinda Berry, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
John H. Bickford III, College of Ed and Prof. Studies, Eastern Illinois University
Deborah Olbert, College of Education, Eastern Illinois University
Valerie Garver, CLAS, Northern Illinois University
Erik Zdansky, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Jennifer Slate, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeastern Illinois University
Thomas P. Crumpler, College of Education, Illinois State University
Maria Schmeeckle, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Debra A. Reid, College of Arts and Humanities, Eastern Illinois University
Nobuko Adachi, College of Arts and Sciences, Illinois State University
Lisa Lee, Architecture, Design, and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago
Yann Robert, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Barbara Ransby, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Hannah Higgins, Architecture, Design, and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago
Michael Scott, Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
Judith Gardiner, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Geraldine Gorman, Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
Carrol Smith, Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago
Nick Hugget, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Chris Boyer, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
John Polk, LAS, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Lynn Kennell, Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University
Teresa Novy, Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University
Holly Dust, College of Sciences, Eastern Illinois University
Jeff Gore, LAS, University of Illinois at Chicago
Olivia Perlow, CAS, Northeastern Illinois University
Craig Kois, Northeastern Illinois University
James Barrett, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Martin Manalansin, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hadi Salehi Esfahani, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Zohreh T. Sullivan, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Fred Hoxie, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Lauren Goodlad, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Zsuzsa Gille, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Isabel Molina-Guzmán, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Gilberto Rosas, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kathryn La Barre, Library and Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Carol Symes, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Bruce Rosenstock, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Craig Koslofsky, LAS, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jesse Ribot. LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jay Rosenstein, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Gabriel Solis, College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Stephen Jaeger, Emeritus, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Angharad Valdivia, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dennis Dullea, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Anna Westerstahl Stenport, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Lilya Kaganovsky, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Richared Ross, College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Charles F. Gammie, LAS and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kristin Hoganson, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Rebecca Ginsburg, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Sarah Theule Lubienski, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Patrick Smith, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Allyson Purpura, Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Marilyn Parsons, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kiel Christianson, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Adrienne D. Dixson, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jennifer Greene, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Walter Feinberg, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dan Morrow, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Erik S. McDuffie, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Diane Koenker, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
William Sullivan, College of Fine and Applied Art, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Amita Sinha, College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Harley Johnson, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Carolyn J Anderson, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Michael Rothberg, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Taher Saif, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Michael LeRoy, College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jacob Sosnoff, Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Rochelle Gutiérrez, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Gloriana González, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Kirstin Wilcox, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
D. Fairchild Ruggles, College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Stephen Taylor, College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Mary-alayne Hughes, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Luz A. Murillo, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Megan McLaughlin, Professor Emerita, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Anne Haas Dyson, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Marcelo Bucheli, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Susan Fowler, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Celestina Savonius-Wroth, University Library, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Clare Crowston, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Albert J. Valocchi, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Marc Snir, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Bruce Reznick, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Richard Laugesen, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Amy L. Powell, Krannert Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
David O’Brien, College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shawn Gilmore, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Linda Herrera, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Katherine Ryan, College of Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Brett Ashley Kaplan, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Phillip Phillips, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Renee Trilling, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Stephanie Foote, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Justine Summerhayes Murison, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Eleanor Courtemanche, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ricky Rodriguez, LAS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
John S. Popovics, College of Engineering, University of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign
Kathryn Oberdeck, LAS, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Rosa Milagros Santos, College of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Kate Clancy, LAS, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

 

Enlace original: http://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/monday-letters-rauner-is-driving-faculty-students-from-illinois/

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Critics say bipartisan bill signed by Obama imposes “colonial” control board on Puerto Rico, puts “hedge funds ahead of people”

Fuente: salon.com / 4 de julio de 2016

A bipartisan bill signed by President Obama will impose a “colonial” control board on Puerto Rico, critics say.

 Sen. Bob Menéndez slammed the legislation as a form of “blatant colonialism” that puts “hedge funds ahead of the people.” Bernie Sanders likewise condemned the bill as a “disaster for the people of Puerto Rico” that makes the U.S. the “colonial master” and takes away the Puerto Rican people’s democratic rights.

President Obama signed the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management and Economic Stability Act, or PROMESA, on Thursday night, hours before Puerto Rico was obligated to pay $1.9 billion of its $70 billion debt on a July 1 deadline.

Minutes after Obama signed the bill into law, Gov. Alejandro García Padilla issued an executive order authorizing suspension of payments on Puerto Rico’s debt.

PROMESA permits a debt restructuring process, similar to bankruptcy, but at a great cost: In return, the U.S. federal government will impose an unelected control board onto the U.S. territory. This board will control Puerto Rico’s finances, yet will consist of people who do not even live on the island.

The control board is likely to impose harsh austerity measures, including big cuts in social services, public institutions and pension funds.

PROMESA already forces the Puerto Rican government to reduce the minimum wage to $4.25 an hour for people under 25, while 45 percent of Puerto Ricans live in poverty and 60 percent of adults are unemployed.

The Senate passed PROMESA on Wednesday, June 29 by a 68-to-30 vote.

Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton has previously expressed support for the colonial-style bill. Her opponent, Bernie Sanders, has vehemently opposed it.

Menéndez, who led the opposition to the bill, and proposed 30 of its 68 amendments, held a four-hour filibuster on the Senate floor on Tuesday. Sanders joined him in the filibuster.

This “is a vote to disenfranchise 3.5 million Americans,” Menéndez said. He stressed that, contrary to what the Obama administration and Congress have claimed, the people of Puerto Rico are overwhelmingly against the bill.

Menéndez cited a poll that found that a staggering 69 percent of Puerto Rican voters oppose PROMESA.

Activists in Puerto Rico aggressively protested the colonial-style legislation. Demonstrators created a long-term protest camp outside of the U.S. federal courthouse in Hato Rey, Puerto Rico.

On the Senate floor,  Menéndez listed off a long series of negative impacts the bill will have on the U.S. territory:

It is a vote to authorize an unelected, unchecked and all-powerful control board to determine Puerto Rico’s destiny for a generation or more.

It is a vote to authorize an unelected and all-powerful control board that could close schools, shutter hospitals, and cut senior citizens’ pensions to the bone.

It is a vote to force Puerto Rico, without their say, to go $370 million further in debt to pay for this omnipotent control board which they don’t even want.

It is a vote to cut the minimum wage down to $4.25 per hour for younger workers in Puerto Rico.

It is a vote to make Puerto Ricans work long overtime hours without fair compensation or protection.

It is a vote to jeopardize collective bargaining agreements.

It is a vote to cut worker benefits and privatize inherent government functions.

It is a vote to place well-heeled hedge funds and creditors ahead of the people.

It is a vote to give the board the power to sell off and commercialize natural  treasures that belong to the people of Puerto Rico.

And at its worst, it is a vote to authorize an unelected, unchecked and all-powerful  control board that determines Puerto Rico’s destiny for a generation or more.”

Sanders also vociferously opposed the legislation, railing against it on the Senate floor.

In another article, Salon featured a video and transcript of Sanders’ powerful Senate speech.

“This is a terrible piece of legislation, setting horrific precedent, and must not be passed,” he said, adding, “the United States of America should not treat Puerto Rico as a colony. We cannot and must not take away the democratic rights of the 3.5 million Americans of Puerto Rico and give virtually all power on that island to a seven-member board.”

Sanders called the legislation “both a political and economic disaster for the people of Puerto Rico” that “takes away their democratic rights and self-governance and will impose harsh austerity measures, which will make the poorest people in Puerto Rico even poorer.”

“The United States must not become a colonial master, which is precisely what this legislation allows,” he warned.

Fotografía: Barack Obama signs into law the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management and Economic Stability Act, June 30, 2016.(Credit: Reuters/Carlos Barria)

Enlace original: http://www.salon.com/2016/07/01/critics_say_bipartisan_bill_signed_by_obama_imposes_colonial_control_board_on_puerto_rico_puts_hedge_funds_ahead_of_people/

 

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Argentina: Paro de Gremios Estatales el 12 de Julio

Fuente: ctabuenosaires.org / 27 de junio de 2016

 

El día 12 de julio se concretará un paro activo, por aumento salarial, por el pase a planta permanente de los trabajadores precarizados, contra el desguace del estado y las políticas de ajuste de la gobernadora Vidal.

La noticia se conoció una vez finalizada la cuarta reunión que se realizo en la sede de ATE entre los distintos gremios estatales de la provincia de Buenos Aires que construyeron la jornada histórica del 19 de mayo, cuando más de 50000 trabajadores estatales transitaron las calles de la ciudad de La Plata y colmaron la Plaza San Martín de cara a la Gobernación..

Coincidieron en la reunión, los referentes de SUTEBA, UDOCBA, Federación Nacional Docente, ATE, AJB, y SOEME  en la necesidad de consolidar la unidad de los que luchan contra el ajuste de vidal.En tal sentido se expreso el secretario general de ATE y la CTA Autónoma de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Oscar de Isasi: “es imprescindible en esta nueva etapa construir unidad en los lugares de trabajo y en las organizaciones sindicales para ganar la calle contra el ajuste”.

El gobierno provincial cada vez que decide una medida tiende a desguazar el estado y precarizar las relaciones laborales. La unidad y la masividad sigue siendo la clave para derrotar estas políticas del gobierno de Vidal”, declaró de Isasi. A la vez que afirmo que, “se hace  impostergable un urgente aumento salarial que nos permita recuperar el poder adquisitivo perdido a manos de la inflación. También se deben derogar las leyes y decretos de ajuste y reiniciar la inmediata la designación de personal en áreas críticas, así como también, el proceso de pase a planta permanente de los trabajadores sin estabilidad”.

Cabe consignar que el paro activo del 12 de julio  definido por los gremios de ATE, Udocba, Federación Nacional Docente y SOEME se da en el marco de una jornada provincial de lucha consensuada para el mismo día por todas las organizaciones sindicales que participaron de la reunión, acordando para esa fecha actividades en las distintas regiones, donde se va a poner en evidencia como se está vaciando el estado, como faltan políticas en educación, en salud y en las áreas de niñez entre otras.

Las otras organizaciones sindicales  participantes de la reunión  decidirán a través de sus cuerpos orgánicos la forma en que protagonizaran la jornada provincial de lucha.

Enlace original: http://ctabuenosaires.org.ar/2016/06/24/paro-de-gremios-estatales-el-12-de-julio/

 

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Tanzania: How to Transform an Education System

África/Tanzania/Julio 2016/Autor: Jakaya Kikwete/ Fuente: project-syndicate.org/

Resumen:  Una semana más, se dice, es mucho tiempo en política. Ese fue el caso a finales del mes pasado, cuando, en un solo día, el Reino Unido votó a favor de abandonar la Unión Europea, su primer ministro, David Cameron, anunció su renuncia, y Gran Bretaña y Europa, por no hablar de los mercados globales, fueron arrojados en el caos. Cuando se trata de la educación, por el contrario, una semana puede ser un abrir y cerrar de ojos. El cambio ocurre durante años, si no décadas – y tal vez ni siquiera entonces. Pero, si tiene éxito, el establecimiento de un sistema educativo que funcione bien puede cambiar el rostro de un país – y volver a definir su destino.

A week, it is said, is a long time in politics. That was certainly the case at the end of last month, when, in a single day, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, its prime minister, David Cameron, announced his resignation, and Britain and Europe, not to mention global markets, were thrown into turmoil.

When it comes to education, by contrast, a week can be the blink of an eye. Change happens over years, if not decades – and perhaps not even then. But, if successful, the establishment of a well-functioning education system can change a country’s face – and redefine its fate.

That is what happened in my country, Tanzania. From 2000 to 2009, primary-school enrollment rates in Tanzania more than doubled, from just over four million pupils to 8.5 million, or 96% of all primary-school-age children. In other words, at the primary level, Tanzania now boasts near-full enrollment.

Similar progress can be seen at the secondary level. Indeed, over the same nine-year period, the number of secondary schools in Tanzania more than quadrupled, from 927 to 4,102, and enrollment surged, from just over 250,000 students to nearly 1.5 million.

What changed? In short, Tanzania’s leaders, including me, recognized the vital importance of a strong education system – and we committed ourselves to building one.

Of course, few would argue that education is not important. But, when governments are working to provide more tangible basic necessities – say, ensuring that citizens have reliable access to clean drinking water or road links to markets and hospitals – educational reform can often fall by the wayside. Given education’s unmatched potential to enhance a country’s prospects, this is a mistake.

It is this understanding that impelled me, as President of Tanzania, to make education my number one priority. It was not an easy decision. I knew that some people would disagree with this approach, preferring to allocate more of Tanzania’s limited public budget to building wider highways or taller government buildings, or to expanding the military.

But I also knew that investing in education meant investing in my country’s future, so I decided that, rather than sinking a great deal of money, sometimes unproductively, into these other areas, we would commit 20% of the annual budget to education. Those funds were applied not just to building more schools, but also to building better schools, through investment in teachers, books, and technology. After all, simply enrolling more kids would mean little if they were not given all the tools they needed to succeed.

Tanzania can serve as a useful model for other countries seeking to upgrade their education systems. But, although we achieved success on a limited budget, the challenge that fiscal constraints can pose should not be underestimated – especially for the low- and middle-income countries, often in Africa, that face the biggest educational challenges today.

As a member of the International Commission on Financing Global Education Opportunity, I have seen firsthand how often governments’ desire to move education up their list of priorities is thwarted by fear of budgetary shortfalls and domestic pressure. As a result, promises to achieve universal primary education are consistently deferred.

When a government commits to improving education, it is betting that equipping its citizens for an unknowable future will yield broad-based, society-wide progress. This is good not only for the country itself, but also for its neighbors, for which a more stable and prosperous neighborhood can only be beneficial. In fact, given the interconnectedness of today’s global economy, better education in one country can bring benefits far beyond regional borders.

Clearly, the international community has an interest in supporting any government that makes the ostensibly obvious, yet practically difficult decision to place education at the forefront of its agenda. And, thanks to the visionary leadership of Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg, this imperative is receiving the attention it deserves. Indeed, it will be a central theme at this week’s financing commission summit in Oslo.

Tanzania’s experience proves that transforming a country’s education system is possible, even if that country faces severe fiscal constraints. It is not quick or easy, and it often requires difficult trade-offs. But with a strong and sustained commitment to fulfill the promise of universal primary and secondary education – and a little international support – governments can ensure happier, more prosperous lives for their countries’ young people. One hopes that Tanzania is the first in a wave of countries putting education first.

Fuente de la noticia: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/tanzania-education-commission-summit-oslo-by-jakaya-kikwete-2016-07

Fuente de la imagen: https://www.google.com/search?q=escuelas+tanzania&client=ubuntu&hs=K1n&channel=fs&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiA8bibyNXNAhVMkh4KHVRmDygQ_AUICigD&biw=1301&bih=673#imgrc=RAj4W-0bi9jbkM%3A

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