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Inspiring Teacher-Writers Early On: A Rhetorical Approach to Teaching Writing in Education

By: tcpress.com

As writing teachers, our fundamental pedagogical goal is to facilitate our students’ abilities to develop their voices through writing. We are keenly aware of this goal with our education students, who come to our Writing in Education courses often underestimating the amount, and importance, of writing they will produce as teachers. However, it is because of their underestimation of the role writing will play in their future career that our pedagogical goal is even more crucial because, despite our current educational climate, teachers’ voices matter.

Hicks, Whitney, Fredricksen, and Zuidema (2017) note that teachers’ voices–often represented through writing–play a critical role in providing the best possible learning situations for their students. Because of the increased awareness of the valuable role writing plays in the job responsibilities of educators, teacher educators are now considering how to develop these skills earlier on in the pre-service teachers’ educational trajectory. This awareness of the importance of writing is also mirrored in the Common Core State Standards emphasis on developing writing skills across the curriculum in our K-12 students. The disciplinary focus on writing beckons teacher educators to teach writing skills in addition to content in their theory and methods courses.

In our new text, A Student’s Guide to Academic and Professional Writing in Education, we discuss how pre-service teachers need to be able to navigate the complex rhetorical situations they may face as educators. We explain how applying rhetorical and genre knowledge, in addition to critical reflection skills, supports pre-service teachers who are learning to conceptualize writing as one of their intellectual responsibilities. Teacher educators can use our approach in their education classes to inspire future teachers to see writing as a tool to inquire, question, and discover new knowledge to advocate for positive changes in education.

A RHETORICAL APPROACH

In our courses, and in our book, we take a rhetorical approach for fostering teacher-writers in our pre-service teachers. That is, we introduce our students to the different contexts, audiences, purposes, voices, and genres that they will encounter writing as educators. Learning about common written academic and professional genres found in the field of education, such as observation write-ups, critical reflections, lesson plans, and teaching philosophies, allows pre-service to observe on the complex rhetorical situations in which each genre is used. Genre knowledge, in conjunction with rhetorical knowledge, will prepare help our education students to successfully meet writing tasks they will be presented with when the become educators.

Using a rhetorical approach to teaching writing to education students from various disciplines develops our students’ understanding of the importance of becoming a teacher-writer. Our assignments require our students to think critically about the rhetorical situation surrounding each task and to critically reflect on their role as both a pre-service educator and as a writer in order to successfully complete the task. Our students find this approach empowering and often share that this burgeoning awareness of themselves as writers gives them the confidence and the skills to use writing as a mode of change, both in their own course-work and their future classroom.

DEVELOPING TEACHER-WRITERS THROUGH REFLECTION

By rooting our pedagogy in a rhetorical approach to writing in education, we are, at the same time, requiring that our students examine the space they inhabit in this process and their role within the many rhetorical situations they will find themselves both in our class and in their own classrooms. We believe that reflection is at the very core of writing in education, and that it is through reflection that our students can begin to conceptualize the role writing will play in their intellectual responsibilities as teachers. From the reading responses that our students will write in their education courses to the annual self-evaluation they will complete as classroom teachers, reflection will play a major role in the writing our students will produce. In Figure 1, we isolate reflection as a constant feature throughout the genres our students will encounter in academic and professional rhetorical situations.

Figure 1: Progression from Academic to Professional Writing in the Field of Education

By the end of our writing in education courses our students do not all identify as writers or even as teachers, yet. But, they do leave our classes with a better understanding of, and appreciation for, the writing that they will produce as teachers. Moreover, many understand that developing as teacher-writers will become part of their professional growth in their credential and graduate programs. Our students awareness of the essential need to develop as teacher-writers makes us feel that we have achieved our pedagogical goal and facilitated our students’ abilities to develop their voices through writing both in the present and in the future.

Featured Image: Person writing, public domain via Pixabay.


Katie O. Arosteguy, Alison Bright, and Brenda J. Rinard are senior lecturers in the University Writing Program at the University of California, Davis, where they teach professional writing, including a course on writing in education. They are all National Writing Project Teacher-Consultants.

By the end of our writing in education courses our students do not all identify as writers or even as teachers, yet. But, they do leave our classes with a better understanding of, and appreciation for, the writing that they will produce as teachers. Moreover, many understand that developing as teacher-writers will become part of their professional growth in their credential and graduate programs. Our students awareness of the essential need to develop as teacher-writers makes us feel that we have achieved our pedagogical goal and facilitated our students’ abilities to develop their voices through writing both in the present and in the future.

Featured Image: Person writing, public domain via Pixabay.


Katie O. Arosteguy, Alison Bright, and Brenda J. Rinard are senior lecturers in the University Writing Program at the University of California, Davis, where they teach professional writing, including a course on writing in education. They are all National Writing Project Teacher-Consultants.

Fuente de la Información: https://www.tcpress.com/blog/professional-writing-education/

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Reino Unido The Best Impact Story In Education Keeps Getting Better

Por: Forbes.com

Curriculum Associates is the best edtech success story in America–in several ways. Eleven years ago, Rob Waldron took the helm of a small New England workbook publisher and turned it into a digital learning leader. The flagship adaptive instructional product, i-Ready, is now serving 7 million students and educators and recently provided its billionth lesson.

In 2017, the company made a historic charitable gift, giving away the majority of its shares which created a $145 million endowment at Iowa State and a $50 million donation to the Boston Foundation.

I recently spoke with Waldron about these impressive milestones and how he sees the education landscape changing in the coming years.

Vander Ark: A decade ago you took over a sleepy workbook publisher. What made you think you could build it into the biggest impact engine of the decade?

Waldron: To be honest, the focus in my first couple of years was far less lofty. We were in a recession, and I was deeply focused on the challenge of, “Can I maintain a company that serves teachers and kids well… but that doesn’t go bankrupt?”

We were operating in a context of 10 percent unemployment locally, and our staff was mostly over the age of 40 doing editorial work. I knew that downsizing would mean these dedicated folks wouldn’t have had many options for where to turn.

Vander Ark: And add to that, the end of the great recession also looked like the end of traditional publishing to many.

Waldron: Exactly. Other big publishers were shedding people profusely, and I was spending most of my energy trying to keep our doors open. Schools didn’t have money at the time, so we focused on partnering closely with them, offering exceptional services and high-quality resources at an affordable price. While others in the industry dealt with the downturn by putting new labels on old programs to scrape by, we built strong relationships with educators by putting people first and responding to their needs.

Vander Ark: How did you build a team to develop the leading adaptive learning engine i-Ready? How did they do it so fast?

Waldron: When I first came to the company, we licensed an adaptive assessment product from a third party. While the science was good, there were a bunch of technical issues and we kept finding that our customers weren’t getting the service they needed. When we cut off that relationship, we had the opportunity to build something ourselves to replace it.

The process was challenging, but our timing was just right. With the recent release of Common Core, educators were looking for an adaptive tool to support student learning of more rigorous standards. Because of our deep focus on service and commitment to transparency, people trusted that we would provide strong support and continue to improve the tool to best serve their students. While bootstrapping i-Ready, we also fixed our print business by launching Ready, allowing us to offer educators a complete, blended print and digital program. We don’t care whether it’s digital or print–the key is what solution is needed by the educator.

In retrospect, the fact that we created these tools without outside capital and were forced to make every decision on our own dime was a huge contributor to the initial success of i-Ready. It made us deeply attuned to the needs of educators and thoughtful about the long-term viability of the solutions we were creating. This future-focused lens continues to be a competitive advantage for us.

Vander Ark: Curriculum Associates quickly became a leader in software-as-a-service. Because it was a new business model in education, we wrote a paper together: Smart Series Guide to EdTech Procurement. i-Ready is a great product, but it seems to be service that is your big differentiator. Five years ago when we wrote that paper, you said it was support services that were the difference between efficacy and inactivity. Is that still true?

Waldron: Great service begets a great product; Over 40 percent of our employees actually do service full-time–everything from monitoring usage reports, providing professional development, meeting with district leadership, on-site tech support, etc. Schools are complicated institutions to run, so our job is to ensure the industry’s top talent is serving these educators and that we are efficient at providing this high level of service across environments.

Vander Ark: i-Ready just hit a billion lessons, Curriculum Associates recently had its 50 year anniversary, and you recently celebrated your first 10 years as CEO. These are big milestones–what have been the biggest changes in the last decade?

Waldron: The way the world used to work, a study of learning could look like a couple graduate researchers reviewing data from 80 students to prove a hypothesis. Today, we have incredibly robust data to inform our program design and make the right choices for students. If, for example, we delivered a lesson on a given subject 15,000 times and only 2,000 students reached mastery, we know there’s something we need to fix… and we do.

You need incredible nuance into the details of lesson design to make the best possible product. By addressing all the “micro-levers,” which could include the minute mark in a lesson when students stop being engaged or a window that takes a half second too long to open, we ensure our tools are as engaging as possible to learners and as supportive as possible to the educators we serve.

Another success factor has been our investment in constant improvement. A few years ago we spent $50 million on R&D in product and tech, and this year we’re spending nearly double as we focus on making current grades and content better. We’re continually rolling out many major releases – last year alone delivering over 60 improvements to i-Ready – and it’s only accelerating.

Vander Ark: And have you done any recent studies on the impact of your programs on student learning?

Waldron: We’ve released several. Most recently, new third party research conducted by HumRRo showed that our Ready Mathematics blended solution meets ESSA evidence requirements and supports student gains. And our most recent study of i-Ready shows that students using the program continue to see remarkable growth, even as we extend our reach to millions of kids.  We’re committed to continued research to guide our improvement efforts and deliver the best possible tools to support learning.

Vander Ark: Five years ago you said hiring was key to your successful scaling, is that still the case?

Waldron: Yes. In my experience, an organization is only as strong as the talent that drives it. It is so critical that we have the right people on board, aligned with our values and committed to service, that recruiting continues to be among the most important uses of my time. I still interview every final round candidate… no small feat as we continue to grow! Last year that meant 337 interviews. We are extremely selective, only hiring 1 in 30 who apply, and 1 in 8 who interview.

As a result, our employees are incredibly dedicated to our shared mission. As reported in our most recent anonymous employee survey, 96 percent of people who work for us would recommend their best friends work for us. To me, that’s the best measure of getting it right.

Vander Ark: How have efforts to support equity played into your strategy development, and where do you see the biggest opportunities moving forward?

Waldron: For starters, I like to ground us in the idea that there’s no such thing as a typical student. We believe all students bring unique assets to their learning environments, and we work to ensure our tools leverage these and are accessible to and representative of the diverse populations we serve. We keep in mind, for example, ways in which the decisions we make could impact English learners and students of diverse backgrounds. We’re introducing a Spanish math diagnostic in the near future and making accessibility a much bigger focus in general.

Overall, we’ve found that adaptive tech is uniquely poised to serve all learners. For example, one thing we often see is that some students with special needs might be off the charts in one subject and struggle in another, and adaptive software can pinpoint those nuances and provide teachers with precise information about that student to drive the most effective instructional decisions.

Vander Ark: The Curriculum Associates goal, as you’ve described it, “is to make educators more productive… by making simple-to-use products that save teachers and administrators time, all while increasing student achievement.” Does that still describe the role you see tech playing in schools?

Waldron: We know teachers play the most important role in the classroom, and we built i-Ready to enhance that role, not consume it. While technology can do amazing things, we believe its highest purpose in the classroom is to strengthen the meaningful and uniquely human relationships between teachers and their students that help children thrive. We designed i-Ready primarily to support teachers – our job is to equip them with the most accurate, accessible, and actionable data possible so they can devote their time to teaching.

Vander Ark: How does i-Ready use data? We’re very interested in interoperability, and data security has been another hot topic recently.

Waldron:  We believe student data should only be used to support learning, plain and simple. Schools own all i-Ready data, and we just keep it as secure as humanly possible. Identifiable data is only ever shared with trusted third parties such as Clever or Ed-Fi with a school or district’s explicit consent, and we’d never dream of selling data or sharing it for commercial gains. We take data protection very seriously and have implemented training programs and other data protection measures to help keep student information secure.

Vander Ark: One design flaw that we see more often than we would like in schools is that tech is sometimes used for over-assessment. How can schools use a tool like i-Ready while avoiding that trap?

Waldron: I agree that that is a problem and think kids shouldn’t spend time on tests that don’t directly serve their learning. One thing that’s so great about an adaptive tool like i-Ready is that it is extremely efficient, meaning you can identify what students need in fewer questions and with fewer assessments. Because the diagnostic data is so robust, the program reduces the need for other assessments and gives more valuable classroom time back to teachers to do what they do best… teach.

Vander Ark: We hear you’re planning some updates to i-Ready in the near future. What’s coming down the pipeline?

Waldron: In addition to the accessibility and Spanish math diagnostic additions I mentioned earlier, we’ve got a number of other things coming up, including 100 new lessons for middle school students and a core math product for grades K-5 and 6-8. Middle school students will also have access to a new dashboard with an age-appropriate design, an expanded i-Ready Diagnostic item bank with new passages and items, and a collection of new videos to engage them before each diagnostic.

We’re also working to change the student experience with i-Ready to give students more agency, provide educators with historical reporting and more diagnostic information, and offer administrators with new school- and district-level reports with even more robust information on students’ performance and growth.

Fuente de la información: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2019/07/15/the-best-impact-story-in-education-keeps-getting-better/#1adb06315974

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Docentes chilenos entran en séptima semana de paro nacional

América del Sur/ Chile/ Fuente: www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve.

 

Los miles de afiliados al Colegio de Profesores de Chile inician hoy la séptima semana de uno de los paros más largos en la historia del magisterio en este país austral. Al mismo tiempo la huelga entra también en un compás de espera por el inicio de las vacaciones de invierno este lunes, por lo cual la directiva del gremio convocó a una asamblea nacional para el próximo miércoles para definir la estrategia para mitigar el desgaste lógico provocado por la prolongada protesta.

El miércoles último los docentes aprobaron por estrecha mayoría continuar el paro tras rechazar la última propuesta del Ministerio de Educación, que aunque satisfacía la mayoría de las demandas de los docentes, dejaba sin respuesta algunos puntos importantes.

Tras esa decisión, la cuestionada ministra de Educación, Marcela Cubillos, ha mantenido silencio y solo señaló que cualquier pronunciamiento está en dependencia de los resultados de la asamblea que realizarán los docentes el 17 de julio.

Analistas consideran que en realidad las autoridades están apostando al desgaste y a la presunta división provocada por los resultados de la votación en la cual la ventaja alcanzada por los partidarios de continuar la huelga fue de solo 225 votos.

Desde la dirección del Colegio de Profesores, en cambio, aseguran que mantienen la unidad del movimiento y que prevaleció el carácter democrático de la votación de las bases.

Mario Aguilar, presidente del gremio, declaró a la prensa que al entrar en vacaciones todas las escuelas ‘cambia un poco el carácter de la movilización’ y en base a eso se deben tomar decisiones sobre las acciones futuras.

El tema que definió la continuación de la huelga fue la falta de reconocimiento a la calificación profesional a los maestros de preescolar y de la enseñanza especial, aunque el ministerio ofreció un bono trimestral por 45 mil pesos chilenos, unos 65 dólares.

Esto fue rechazado por la Asociación de Educadores Diferenciales por no responder a sus reclamos y además deja fuera de ese beneficio a la mitad de esos docentes, porque exige una cantidad determinada de horas de trabajo y perfeccionamiento para recibir ese beneficio monetario.

Desde la Cámara de Diputados, el socialista Gastón Saavedra, miembro de la comisión de Educación, llamó al ministerio y al gremio a continuar las conversaciones para lograr una solución definitiva al paro, que mantiene sin clases a más de medio millón de alumnos desde el 3 de junio.

Según datos de la encuestadora Cadem de este lunes, el paro de profesores es, por amplio margen, el asunto más importante de la actualidad nacional en las últimas semanas.

Fuente de la noticia: http://www.ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/general/docentes-chilenos-entran-en-septima-semana-de-paro-nacional/

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Australia: Sending new teachers to difficult schools could be driving them out of the profession

Oceania/ Australia/ 16.07.2019/By: Michael McGowan/ Source: www.theguardian.com.

Teachers’ union says poor job security and lack of autonomy contribute to teachers leaving the field early

Up to half of all new teachers in Australia leave the profession in the first five years and a new report identifies a possible reason: programs which encourage sending novices into the country’s most challenging schools.

An annual survey of teachers around the world highlighted teacher shortages as “one of the most pressing problems faced by current education systems”.

The report pointed to Australia – where between 30% and 50% of teachers leave the profession in the first five years – as one of the most glaring examples of how placing early-career teachers in “challenging schools” affects attrition.

Teacher retention has long been a problem for Australian schools. Australian Bureau of Statistics data consistently show that many people who hold a teaching degree do not work in education, and in 2014 a government reportestimated that 20% of education graduates do not register as teachers on graduating.

In its submission to a parliamentary inquiry into the status of teaching last year, the Australian Education Union blamed job security, lack of professional autonomy and being forced to teach out-of-field for extended periods for early-career teachers leaving the profession.

Australia funds a number of programs at state and federal levels which send early-career teachers to schools in regional and remote areas, as well as areas with a lower socioeconomic status.

For example, since 2009 Australia has spent millions of dollars funding the controversial Teach for Australia program which places non-teaching graduates in regional or low socioeconomic schools.

Last year Guardian Australia revealed the Australian Capital Territory had cut ties with the program over what it said was a lack of value for money, citing retention rates as one of the main reasons.

Released by the OECD on Wednesday night in Australia, the Teachers and School Leaders as Lifelong Learners report suggested sending early-career teachers into difficult school environments could contribute to the problem.

“Several education systems have introduced financial incentives to attract teachers into schools with more challenging circumstances, with mixed results and little evidence of the effect of such measures on teacher allocation across schools,” it said.

“One solution to reduce attrition in the early years is, thus, to review how novice teachers are distributed across schools, with a view to assigning them to less challenging working environments in their first placements.”

It suggested redirecting incentives to later-career teachers, which would potentially help foster equity “as students in challenging schools would be taught by more experienced teachers”.

The report also found teaching was the first-choice career for only 58% of teachers in Australia compared with 67% across the OECD countries, and that although Australia had a higher-than-average proportion of female teachers, that was not backed up in leadership positions.

It also revealed that Australian teachers were more concerned about increasing support staff to limit administrative burden than about individual pay.

Source of the notice: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/jun/20/sending-new-teachers-to-difficult-schools-could-be-driving-them-out-of-the-profession

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Growing Through Education in Nigeria

Africa/ Nigeria/ 16.07.2019/ Source: blogs.imf.org.

Our chart of the week, drawn from the IMF’s 2019 economic health check for Nigeria, highlights substantial inequality in access to education between girls and boys, and between rich and poor.

It is widely accepted that addressing educational gaps results in rapid and large benefits for children, their families, communities, and the country more broadly.

Limited schooling for girls

According to a survey conducted by the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics, a girl born into a Nigerian family in the poorest fifth of society spends about 1 year in school—approximately a third of the already limited schooling enjoyed by, say, her brother.

Access to education improves as a family gets richer, but gender inequality in education is entrenched and barely disappears for the richest 20 percent of households.

We believe that closing gender gaps in education across all income groups could boost GDP by 5 percent in one generation. It would lower income inequality by 2¼ points as measured by the Gini coefficient—a reduction that many countries strive to achieve over decades.

Spending beyond education

The government and development partners all recognize that more resources and structural changes are needed to improve access to education and make it more equitable.

Adequate funding for teachers and schools can help raise the quality of education. But spending beyond the classroom can also yield educational benefits. For example, investments in safe access to water and sanitation facilities will improve health and therefore learning opportunities for all kids, while giving an extra boost to school attendance. Mobilizing revenue through, for instance, comprehensive VAT reform and improved tax administration will be critical to fund these efforts.

Other reforms require few additional resources and are important in shaping priorities. Passing into law the Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill and implementing a Children’s Rights Act are examples of legal changes that would put equality of opportunity on the statute books—a move which would have a positive impact for generations to come.

Source of the notice: https://blogs.imf.org/2019/06/24/growing-through-education-in-nigeria/

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Japan to boost education support for non-native children

Asia/ Japan/ 16.07.2019/ Source: asia.nikkei.com.

 

Japan will provide more support for educating children of foreign nationals from early childhood through high school, including by increasing Japanese-language classes, under a plan released Monday.

The education ministry’s proposals follow changes in April to immigration law that allow certain foreign workers to bring family with them to Japan. Schools had already been facing a rise in students learning Japanese as a second language, prompting criticism that efforts on this front were lagging.

Monday’s plan, which calls for working «to ensure that all children of foreign nationals have educational opportunities,» seeks to provide seamless support to learners from preschoolers to job-seeking international students.

It proposes multi-language guides to ensure parents have information on how to enroll students at kindergartens and elementary schools.

Public schools are to receive more teachers for Japanese as a second language as well as aides who speak the languages of foreign students. Some schools currently have no such staff. Regions with a shortage of human resources will use translation and distance-learning systems.

Public high schools will be asked to give special considerations for Japanese-language learners when taking admissions tests, such as making it easier to read kanji characters and allowing the children to bring dictionaries into the exam rooms.

The ministry proposes creating an evening middle school program in every prefecture and major city for those who could not receive compulsory education in their home countries.

The initiative also will help international students in higher education find jobs in Japan, proposing the certification of collaboration programs between universities and businesses.

The plan covers Japanese-language learners of all ages.A 14-language online curriculum for self-study will be developed for residents of areas that lack easy access to Japanese-language classes

Source of the notice: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-immigration/Japan-to-boost-education-support-for-non-native-children2

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Gobierno de Brasil quiere reducir objetivo de invertir en educación el 10% del PIB

América del Sur/ Brasil/ Fuente: mundo.sputniknews.com.

El ministro de Educación del Gobierno de Brasil, Abraham Weintraub, aseguró que pretende revisar el objetivo oficial que obligaba al país a aumentar progresivamente el gasto en educación hasta llegar al 10% del PIB en 2024, informaron medios locales.

«Subir lo que se gasta significa que vamos a tener que aumentar los impuestos en Brasil un 10%; eso lo vamos a cambiar en el Plan Nacional de Educación (…) el plan tiene que respetarse, pero el dinero del contribuyente también», dijo el ministro, según recoge la Agência Brasil.

El PNE fue aprobado en 2014 y establece metas y estrategias para mejorar la educación desde la enseñanza infantil hasta la pos graduación.

El PNE fue aprobado en 2014 y establece metas y estrategias para mejorar la educación desde la enseñanza infantil hasta la pos graduación.

El ministro aseguró que «intentará» cumplir esos objetivos aun reduciendo la inversión, y destacó su plan para universalizar la etapa pre-escolar y garantizar que el 50% de los niños de hasta tres años estén matriculados en guarderías.

Según datos oficiales, Brasil gastó en educación en 2014 un 6% de su PIB, y el porcentaje cayó al 5,5% en 2015, último año con datos disponibles.

Según un informe del estatal Instituto Nacional de Estudios e Investigaciones Educaciones Anisio Teixeira (Inep), para que Brasil cumpliera su objetivo para 2019 (invertir el 7% del PIB en educación) habría que inyectar 120.000 millones de reales (32.000 millones de dólares) en el sector.

Fuente de la noticia: https://mundo.sputniknews.com/america-latina/201907111087981802-gobierno-de-brasil-quiere-reducir-objetivo-de-invertir-en-educacion-el-10-del-pib/

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