El Núcleo Académico y de Investigación Capín Melao invita al:
V Congresillo de Educación Emancipadora Jueves 13 y viernes 14 de julio de 2017. Auditorium Uptamca. Calle Alí Primera, Los Teques El Núcleo Académico y de Investigación Capín Melao se complace en anunciar la realización del V Congresillo sobre Educación Emancipadora a realizarse los días 13 y 14 de julio de 2017, en el auditórium de la Universidad Politécnica Territorial de los Altos Mirandinos Cecilia Acosta, Uptanca, calle Alí Primera, Los Teques (frente a la Casa de los Saberes-UBV Eje Cacique Tiuna)
Invitamos a docentes, profesores, maestros, educadores, investigadores y estudiantes universitarios. Esperamos contar con su valiosa participación.
RECEPCIÓN DE RESÚMENES DE PONENCIAS ORALES Y CARTELES: del 03 al 31 de mayo de 2017
Correo electrónico de la jornada: ejetiuna@gmail.com
Fuente : Enviado por los organizadores al correo de editores OVE
Oceanía/Australia/Mayo del 2017/Noticias/https://theconversation.com
Could this be one of the most beautiful satellites ever made? In fact it is one of twins, as there are two of these jewelled spheres orbiting Earth.
And one of them carries a message for deep into the future, if there is anyone around to decipher it (but more on that later).
The space bling twins are the LAGEOS satellites (LAGEOS stands for LAser GEOdynamic Satellite). LAGEOS-1 was launched by the United States on May 4, 1976, and LAGEOS-2, made by the Italian Space Agency, was launched in 1992.
So this year, the original 60cm sphere – its design harking back to the spherical satellites of the early space age, such as Sputnik, Vanguard and Echo – will notch up 41 years in orbit. It’s a veteran of space science.
The surface of LAGEOS is dotted with 426 cube-corner prisms to reflect laser pulses transmitted from ground stations on Earth.NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
The interior of each satellite is a solid brass cylinder, covered in a thick aluminium shell studded with 422 “jewels” made of fused silica, and four made from germanium.
Fused silica is made without the common ingredients of everyday glass, such as lime and soda. It has a much higher melting point and won’t crack from the extremes of temperature experienced in orbit.
This is important because the LAGEOS satellites are essentially used as inert reflectors, off which lasers can be bounced.
Space lasers
The two satellites travel at around 6,000km from Earth in a circular polar orbit.
Every day, 35 satellite laser ranging stations across the world send laser pulses up to intercept the LAGEOS satellites. Two of these stations are located in Australia, at Mt Stromlo in the ACT and Yarragadee in WA. The Mt Stromlo facility is also used to track space junk.
Laser ranging stations across the world.International Laser Ranging Service
The process works like this. A telescope emits a laser beam aimed at the satellite, which strikes the glass eyes and is deflected back towards the Earth, where the telescope receives it.
The length of time taken for the two-way roundtrip indicates how far away the satellite is. Once the time is recorded and corrected, we know the distance to the satellite at that moment to centimetre accuracy.
The changes in this distance over time relate to variations in the Earth’s gravitational field and rotation, as well as environmental factors in orbital space.
The LAGEOS satellites (although the most beautiful) are not the only targets of the laser ranging network. Other satellites equipped with retroreflectors include the Russian BLITS (Ball Lens in Space) and ETALON 1 and 2, and the student-run Starshine satellites.
There are also retroreflectors on the Moon – at the Apollo 11, 14 and 15 landing sites, and on the Russian Lunokhod 1 and 2 rovers.
Reflective satellites bounce back laser beams to Earth.
Defining the Eart
The information provided by LAGEOS 1 and 2 has contributed to new perspectives of the Earth, as former project scientist David E. Smith explains:
Today, we see Earth as one system, with the planet’s shape, rotation, atmosphere, gravitational field and the motions of the continents all connected. We take it for granted now, but LAGEOS helped us arrive at that view.
We tend to think of the Earth as a perfect sphere, but the distribution of mass within it is actually rather lumpy, which means gravitational force is not equally distributed.
Variations in the satellites’ positions have helped scientists to accurately map this distribution to increase our knowledge of the invisible geoid under the surface.
The geoid is the surface of equal gravitational potential of a hypothetical ocean at rest and serves as the classical reference for all topographical features.ESA
The geoid is a representation of the Earth if you remove the influence of tidal and atmospheric forces and imagine sea levels where they would lie according to gravity alone.
Even more importantly, the two LAGEOS satellites define the centre point, based on the Earth’s centre of mass, for the International Terrestrial Reference System used in navigation.
Another purpose is to measure the speed and direction of tectonic plate movement, which causes continental drift.
Message to the future
Both LAGEOS satellites are completely passive with no instruments, and no fuel and batteries to run out, which means they could outlast humanity. Their orbits may be stable for about 8.4 million years, according to the original prediction.
LAGEOS-1 is the bearer of one of Carl Sagan‘s time-travelling interspecies communications.
The LAGEOS-1 plaque. At the top, the numbers one through ten are written in binary notation, and Earth is shown orbiting the Sun. The three lower panels depict maps of Earth at different epochs.NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
He conceived a design – drawn by Jon Lomberg who also worked with him on the Voyager Golden Records – depicting continental drift at three points in time: 268 million years ago when there was only the supercontinent Pangaea, 1976 when the satellite was launched, and a projection 8.4 million years into the future. The maps are engraved on a thin steel plate that was wrapped around the brass cylinder core.
You’d have to crack the satellite open like an egg, though, to get at the message.
It’s precisely the sort of alien mystery object that science fiction writers imagine falling to a planet and catalysing personal and social revelations, even when the object is impenetrable.
Who knows who or what might find it in 8.4 million years, if it lasts that long. Will it melt in reentry, fall into the ocean unnoticed and unmourned, or slam into what remains of Australia like Skylab, to lie under the stars for another few million years?
Una perspectiva desde los niveles de apropiación de las TIC en la práctica educativa docente.
La propuesta de formación basada en Competencias y Estándares TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación) desde la Dimensión Pedagógica que se expone en este documento se fundamenta en el diálogo permanente entre experiencias de investigación y formación docente alrededor del uso reflexivo de las TIC. El desafío más grande de esta propuesta de formación es transcender el uso de las TIC y centrarse en la práctica docente como el proceso más importante a transformar.
El propósito de esta propuesta es aportar en la visión de la formación de calidad que un docente en la actualidad debe tener para enfrentar el desafío de enseñar en una sociedad de la información y el conocimiento. Este pretende ser un referente de formación para el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa en instituciones educativas en cualquier nivel de formación, desde un abordaje de niveles de apropiación de las TIC y sus usos educativos.
La Teoría de Inteligencias múltiples fue una propuesta del psicólogo estadounidense Howard Gardner y la misma explica que el ser humano no presenta una inteligencia única ya que a lo largo de la vida necesita del desarrollo de muchas áreas de su conocimiento y algunas tienen la capacidad de perfeccionarse más que otras.
A raíz de esta teoría surge la idea de que buenas calificaciones o grandes títulos realmente no determinan la inteligencia de una persona. Howard Gardner ha logrado identificar y definir ocho tipos de inteligencia distintas, ellas son:
Inteligencia Lingüística: Las personas que desarrollan este tipo de inteligencias desarrollan capacidades lingüísticas, de escritura, de gestos y tienen una gran habilidad para la conversación.
Inteligencia Lógico- Matemática: Este tipo de inteligencia se vincula a la capacidad para el razonamiento lógico y la resolución de problemas matemáticos. La rapidez para solucionar este tipo de problemas es el indicador que determina cuánta inteligencia lógico-matemática se tiene.
Inteligencia Espacial: Se destaca en este tipo de inteligencia la habilidad para poder observar el mundo y los objetos desde diferentes perspectivas, destaca la estética, la capacidad de visualizar imágenes y las capacidades artísticas.
Inteligencia Musical: Personas cuyos cerebros son capaces de desarrollar habilidades musicales. Son útiles tanto para la composición como para tocar algún instrumento.
Inteligencia Corporal y cinestésica: Personas que desarrollan grandes habilidades para desarrollarse con herramientas corporales y motrices. Tienen capacidades para el baile, la gimnasia o los deportes.
Inteligencia Intrapersonal: Se refiere a aquella inteligencia que nos faculta para comprender y controlar el ámbito interno de uno mismo. Las personas que destacan en la inteligencia intrapersonal son capaces de acceder a sus sentimientos y emociones y reflexionar sobre éstos.
Inteligencia Interpersonal: Se trata de una inteligencia que permite interpretar las palabras o gestos, o los objetivos y metas de otras personas. Además proporciona las capacidades de actuar ante dichos discursos.
Inteligencia Naturalista: La misma permite detectar, diferenciar y categorizar los aspectos vinculados a la naturaleza, como por ejemplo las especies animales y vegetales o fenómenos relacionados con el clima, la geografía o los fenómenos de la naturaleza.
Con esto se busca explicar la variabilidad entre cada ser humano y la capacidad que tiene cada uno para desarrollarse y capacitarse en ámbitos diferentes de la vida.
Tanto por los informes PISA como por los diferentes rankings y encuestas que múltiples entidades realizan, todos tenemos más o menos ubicados cuales son los mejores países en educación. Ya sea por sus innovadores sistemas educativos, por el uso de metodologías activas o por la tradición a la hora de enseñar y formar, hoy vamos a descubrir cuáles son algunos de estos países del mundo que mejor lo están haciendo en el terreno educativo, así como en las razones por las que se han convertido en una absoluta referencia de la que tenemos mucho que aprender.
Corea del Sur
De los países asiáticos hay uno que luce con especial fuerza: Corea del Sur es uno de los grandes núcleos de la innovación mundial, y también uno de los países más potentes en lo referente a la educación. Este éxito se basa en el esfuerzo, en el trabajo y en las largas jornadas de estudio, acompañados de un máximo respeto por el profesor y su trabajo, junto con importantes jornadas extraescolares (y por supuesto, de pago) que repercuten en los rankings mundiales. Con algunas críticas, sí, pero también posicionado como uno de los países líderes en la educación del mundo.
Singapur
De Singapur hemos oído mucho en España en los años más recientes, a través del denominado Método Singapur que han llevado la enseñanza de esta materia de una forma muy diferente a como, al menos en este país, siempre hemos llevado a cabo. Partiendo de un enorme esfuerzo realizado a lo largo de décadas, en Singapur han conseguido crear un sistema sólido y que permite a profesores y expertos liderar cómo debe ser la enseñanza.
Finlandia
La educación nórdica tiene entre sus grandes hitos el haber sido una de las grandes punteras de entre los sistemas educativos mundiales. Aprovechamos también para recordar la entrevista que le hicimos a Jari Lavonen, decano de Educación en Finlandia, en la que se plasman algunas ideas clave sobre por qué han tenido —y continúan teniendo— un gran éxito: un sistema completamente gratuito, diseñado para que asistan desde bebés y con algunos de los profesores mejor formados del mundo. Poca estructura y organización que permite a los profesores afrontar el día a día del aula casi ‘en tiempo real’.
Japón
Fundamentado en la enseñanza tanto de las matemáticas como, sobre todo, del lenguaje japonés, en las tierras niponas han sabido sacarle el máximo partido a la enseñanza más tradicional. Precisamente el idioma tiene mucho que ver, ya que el Ministerio de Educación de Japón requiere que los niños conozcan más de 1000 kanjis al terminal la etapa de Primaria, y más de 2000 en la universidad. El trabajo y el esfuerzo, junto con la vida en una sociedad perfectamente estructurada, organizada y respetuosa, han colocado a Japón como uno de los países con la mejor educación del mundo.
Estonia
Es posible que Estonia, con sus aproximadamente 1,3 millones de habitantes, pase desapercibida a los ojos de cualquier persona, pero la realidad es que cuenta con uno de los mejores sistemas educativos europeos. Precisamente la reducida —en comparación con otros países— población les permite, por ejemplo, crear estándares que unifican la experiencia de la clase, la cual tiene como objetivo que los niños se diviertan en su día a día. También es especialmente reseñable el buen trabajo realizado en lo referente a la introducción de las nuevas tecnologías y las metodologías asociadas a ellas con el objetivo de ofrecer nuevas posibilidades a los profesores.
África/Sur África/Mayo del 2017/Noticias/https://theconversation.com/
A South African court has ruled that critical aspects of the country’s nuclear procurement process are illegal and unconstitutional. The outcome is a significant setback for a network of entities that had been aggressively promoting a 9.6 GW nuclear expansion programme in the face of popular opposition.
Over the past four weeks controversy over the proposed nuclear build has reached new highs. This was sparked by a major cabinet reshuffle in which President Jacob Zuma ousted both his finance and energy ministers, replacing them with individuals regarded as pro-nuclear.
The reshuffle prompted some of the largest and most diverse street protests since the dawn of the country’s democracy in 1994. While many factors contributed to the outpouring of public anger against the president, the nuclear question was a common motif in the protests.
Opposition to the nuclear expansion programme centred on two points: the first was its prohibitive costs – some estimates put it at R 1 trillion which is roughly equivalent to the government’s total annual tax revenue.
The second is that it has become contaminated by allegations of corruption, with evidence pointing to politically connected groups and individuals benefiting handsomely from it.
Back to the drawing board
The court’s ruling in effect means that the planners will have to go back to the drawing board.
The case in the Western Cape High Court was brought by two civil society organisations, Earthlife Africa and the Southern African Faith Communities’ Environmental Institute (SAFCEI).
The most far reaching aspects of the judgment were that it overturned ministerial proclamations made in 2013 and 2016 that enabled the development of 9.6 GW of nuclear power. It furthermore invalidated the intergovernmental nuclear collaboration agreements South Africa had signed with Russia, the US and South Korea.
The court’s ruling on the promulgations was damning and unambiguous.
South Africa’s Electricity Regulation Act requires the Minister of Energy to promulgate any energy generating capacity expansion through the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA). The regulator is required to vet the proclamation to ensure that it is in the public interest.
The Minister of Energy issued two promulgations to establish 9.6 GW of nuclear energy generation. The first one was concluded in 2013 but only made public two years later. The second one, which delegated the nuclear procurement to the state electricity utility Eskom, whose leadership is strongly pro-nuclear, was hurriedly and stealthily implemented in 2016 on the eve of the first sitting of Western Cape High Court on the matter.
Neither of these proclamations allowed a public participation process.
The court ruled that both promulgations were illegal and unconstitutional. It found that the regulator had failed to carry out its mandate because it had endorsed the minister’s directives uncritically and hurriedly. In doing so it had not allowed public input nor had it considered the necessity of the nuclear build or the consequences of its delegation to Eskom.
The court was equally clear on the collaboration agreements. Unlike the relatively vague agreements concluded with the US and South Korea, the Russian agreement had a great deal more detail in it. It specifically committed South Africa to build nuclear power plants using Russian technology, set out a timeframe and placed specific liabilities on South Africa.
South Africa’s constitution stipulates that international agreements that will have a substantive impact on the country must be approved by parliament. The agreement with Russia clearly falls into this category and therefore needed to be submitted to parliament for debate and approval.
The judge was unequivocal that by slipping the Russian agreement through parliament as a routine matter for noting, the former Energy Minister Joemat-Petterssen had committed a gross error. In his judgment he said:
It follows that the Minister’s decision to table the agreement in terms of section 231(3) was, at the very least, irrational. At best the minister appears to have either failed to apply her mind to the requirements of sec 231(2) in relation to the contents of the Russian IGA or at worst to have deliberately bypassed its provisions for an ulterior and unlawful purpose.
This could open the door for further action against the minister as well as Zuma, who, according to the court papers, instructed her to sign the Russian agreement.
The US agreement was concluded in 1995 and the South Korean agreement in 2010. But they were only presented to parliament in 2015. The court declared them invalid in view of the inexplicable time delay.
The medium and long term impact
A judicial appeal is widely expected. But it’s unlikely that the government will succeed in overturning the essence of the judgement. And an appeals process will delay any legitimate future nuclear power procurement.
Any attempt to re-initiate a nuclear build would have to start from scratch. Based on the judgement it can safely be assumed that the regulator can only endorse nuclear expansion if it can demonstrate that it’s necessary and that it’s a better solution to any other energy option.
But given the prevalent suspicion around the nuclear expansion, the regulator will be hard pressed to show that the nuclear option is in the public interest.
It is therefore unlikely that any nuclear development will succeed in the foreseeable future.
Asia/Arabia/Mayo del 2017/Noticias/http://www.thehindu.com
Se multaran mujeres que usan teléfonos móviles en público en la aldea UP
Reseña:
En una aldea en Uttar Pradesh se ha prohibido a las mujeres usar teléfonos móviles en público, en un intento de restringir sus contactos con hombres, y planean fuertes multas para quienes infringan la resolución, determinada por los consejos de aldeas informales conocidos como Khap panchayats. Señalan que estas ordenes están en contra de la constitución y sus derechos. Estos consejos mantienen las tradiciones y culturas donde se establecen. Siendo conocidos como radicales ,y se les crítica por querer actuar como un tribunal con un trato inhumano y otros castigos al desconocer sus ordenanzas.
The ruling was issued on Tuesday in Madora, mainly a Muslim hamlet.
A village in Uttar Pradesh has banned women from using mobile phones in public in an attempt to restrict their contacts with men, and plans hefty fines for violators, police said on Wednesday.
Village elders ruled that women found using a mobile phone outside their homes would be fined ₹21,000 — a sum it would take several months for rural people to earn.
The ruling was issued on Tuesday in Madora, a mainly Muslim hamlet.
«We have received reports about the Khap ordering the ban on women using mobile phones,» local police chief Arun Kumar Singh told AFP, referring to the informal village councils known as Khap panchayats.
«Such orders are against the Constitution and we will take action,» he added.
The village council believes that mobile phones are helping unmarried women to elope and that a ban will limit their interaction with men.
It also imposed fines on people caught slaughtering cows — illegal in most States — or smuggling liquor.
«We do support their measures against illegal activities but won’t allow them to curb the freedom of women,» Mr. Singh said.
Khap panchayats are mostly run by male village elders. Although illegal, they have considerable influence in rural North India.
They are known for issuing diktats aimed at upholding the socially conservative traditions that have long held sway and resisting modernisation — such as banning women from wearing jeans.
But they have also been blamed for ordering serious crimes, including the so-called «honour killing» of couples who marry outside caste or religion.
Critics accuse them of acting like kangaroo courts and handing down public beatings and other punishments for perceived crimes.
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