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Professor Paola Sztajn Helps Teachers Encourage Young Students to Engage in Mathematical Discourse Through New Book

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Professor Paola Sztajn Helps Teachers Encourage Young Students to Engage in Mathematical Discourse Through New Book

Participation in mathematics discourse can promote mathematical understanding among elementary school students, but the ability to engage in such conversations does not come naturally to most young children. In order to help educators understand how to support and incorporate productive mathematical conversations in the classroom, NC State College of Education Professor Paola Sztajn, Ph.D., has authored a new book entitled Activating Math Talk: 11 Purposeful Techniques for Your Elementary Students.

The book, published by Corwin Press and co-authored by Daniel Heck, Ph.D., and Kristen Malzahn, Ph.D., both of Horizon Research, draws on the lessons learned and professional development materials developed through Project AIM — a professional development program that first launched in 2010 to help elementary school teachers learn to promote mathematics discourse for all learners through strategies adapted from literacy instruction.

While the materials developed for Project AIM were primarily targeted for use by K-5 math specialists, professional development facilitators and supervisors, Activating Math Talk is aimed at teachers who want to learn strategies that they can immediately use in the classroom.

“It’s really about teaching kids how to participate in productive discourse through several techniques that can actually be taken and implemented immediately,” Sztajn said. “As teachers start implementing these techniques, they can see the transformation that happens because of the new opportunities for kids to participate in discourse.”

Activating Math Talk includes classroom examples of tasks and techniques as well as vignettes written in partnership with actual teachers who implemented techniques from the book in their classrooms. In addition, there are sections dedicated to examining teacher practice and recognizing signs of successful technique implementation and problems that could arise

The book includes techniques like the use of bet lines — a literacy strategy used to help kids understand text — to help children understand word problems. Through this technique, a teacher will show a word problem one sentence at a time and ask students to share what they believe will happen next in order to engage them in thinking about the problem and what the mathematical demands might be. In addition to encouraging discussion, the strategy enables a teacher to see which students are attending to the mathematical aspects of the story in the problem and which students are attending to other aspects, such as the context of the story.

Another technique — the talk chain — encourages children to learn to listen to their classmates’ ideas by forcing them to verbally acknowledge what the student before them said before proceeding to share their own thoughts.

“Providing these techniques allows teachers to engage with productive discourse in a very controlled fashion. The goal is not for students to get really good at these techniques, but for kids to start understanding that they have to be thinking about the math,” Sztajn said. “The techniques are just steps used to learn some of the mental processes and participation formats. Eventually, children will be able to engage in mathematical discourse without using the techniques at all.”

The book positions all children as emergent mathematical communicators , but also places a focus on using discussion techniques with emergent multilingual learners. It is common that teachers may encounter students who attended schools in other countries and may understand the math, but are reluctant to participate because they don’t have the vocabulary. Similarly, teachers may have students who can express their thoughts but were previously taught a different method of finding a solution to a particular problem.

For this reason, Sztajn said it is important that educators understand their multilingual students and take time to learn about their stories, their families and the assets their different experiences bring to the classroom and mathematical discourse.

“You have to know your students and productive classroom discourse is an opportunity to learn more about them,” Sztajn said. “We are looking for ways to open up the classroom so that kids can talk and they can tell what they’re thinking and share what’s happening. Hopefully, that happens in both the mathematical realm and more broadly, so teachers can get to know their students and build from there.”

Although Activating Math Talk can be used by any individual teacher who wishes to learn the techniques, the book will also serve as a textbook for a professional development model that will be launched through NC State’s Distance and Online Learning Technology Applications (DELTA).

Districts will be able to sign up for the 30-hour program and facilitate Project AIM’s professional development course for their elementary school teachers. The program, which consists of both synchronous and asynchronous material, was originally developed as a hybrid face-to-face and online learning environment, but can be easily adapted to an online-only format, Sztajn said.

Three Takeaways from Activating Math Talk

  • Children must learn to talk in specific ways during math lessons: “These ways of talking are different from how kids talk on the playground or in other subject areas. Thus, activating math talk is not just a matter of telling students to talk. Rather, participation in productive math conversations is a skill that is taught and learned.”
  • Use multiple forms of communication to reach bilingual students: “Using gestures, pictures, diagrams and concrete objects, as well as multiple languages, gives students access to the math and can make the difference between students understanding a problem or lacking the chance to know what is being asked of them mathematically. Multiple modes of communication draw on students’ assets to help them think through a problem and more readily express their thinking and reasoning.”
  • Promoting quality mathematics discourse takes time, practice and patience: “Activating math talk in the classroom is not an easy feat, nor does it happen overnight. It is a process that requires knowledge of high-quality math discourse and understanding of how to organize lessons and purposefully use techniques that scaffold student engagement in communicating their ideas, justifying their reasoning, listening to and questioning others’ thinking and making mathematical connections.”

Fuente de la Información: https://ced.ncsu.edu/news/2020/10/06/professor-paola-sztajn-helps-teachers-encourage-young-students-to-engage-in-mathematical-discourse-through-new-book/

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Un mortinato ocurre cada 16 segundos, según las primeras estimaciones conjuntas de la ONU

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Un mortinato ocurre cada 16 segundos, según las primeras estimaciones conjuntas de la ONU

Las interrupciones en el servicio de salud relacionadas con COVID-19 podrían empeorar la situación, lo que podría agregar casi 200,000 muertes fetales más durante un período de 12 meses

NUEVA YORK / GINEBRA, 8 de octubre de 2020 – Casi 2 millones de bebés nacen muertos cada año, o 1 cada 16 segundos, según las primeras estimaciones conjuntas de mortinatos publicadas por UNICEF, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el Grupo del Banco Mundial y el División de Población del Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de las Naciones Unidas.

La gran mayoría de los mortinatos, el 84%, ocurren en países de ingresos bajos y medianos bajos, según el nuevo informe, A Neglected Tragedy: The Global Burden of Stillbirths . En 2019, 3 de cada 4 mortinatos ocurrieron en África subsahariana o en el sur de Asia. Un mortinato se define en el informe como un bebé que nace sin signos de vida a las 28 semanas de embarazo o más.

«Perder un hijo al nacer o durante el embarazo es una tragedia devastadora para una familia, que a menudo se soporta en silencio, pero con demasiada frecuencia, en todo el mundo», dijo Henrietta Fore, Directora Ejecutiva de UNICEF. “Cada 16 segundos, una madre en algún lugar sufrirá la tragedia indescriptible de la muerte fetal. Más allá de la pérdida de vidas, los costos psicológicos y financieros para las mujeres, las familias y las sociedades son graves y duraderos. Para muchas de estas madres, simplemente no tenía por qué ser así. La mayoría de los mortinatos podrían haberse evitado con un control de alta calidad, una atención prenatal adecuada y una partera capacitada «

El informe advierte que la pandemia de COVID-19 podría empeorar el número global de mortinatos. Una reducción del 50% en los servicios de salud debido a la pandemia podría causar casi 200.000 mortinatos adicionales durante un período de 12 meses en 117 países de ingresos bajos y medianos. Esto corresponde a un aumento en el número de mortinatos en un 11,1 por ciento. Según el modelo realizado para el informe por investigadores de la Escuela de Salud Pública Johns Hopkins Bloomberg, 13 países podrían ver un aumento del 20 por ciento o más en el número de mortinatos durante un período de 12 meses.

Incluso antes de que la pandemia causara trastornos graves en los servicios de salud, pocas mujeres en los países de ingresos bajos y medianos recibieron atención oportuna y de alta calidad para prevenir la muerte fetal. La mitad de los 117 países analizados en el informe tienen una cobertura que varía desde un mínimo de menos del 2% hasta un máximo de solo el 50% para 8 intervenciones importantes de salud materna como cesárea, prevención de la malaria, manejo de la hipertensión en el embarazo. y detección y tratamiento de la sífilis. Se estima que la cobertura para el parto vaginal asistido, una intervención fundamental para prevenir la muerte fetal durante el trabajo de parto, llega a menos de la mitad de las mujeres embarazadas que la necesitan.

As a result, despite advances in health services to prevent or treat causes of child death, progress in lowering the stillbirth rate has been slow. From 2000 to 2019, the annual rate of reduction in the stillbirth rate was just 2.3 per cent, compared to a 2.9 per cent reduction in neonatal mortality, and 4.3 per cent in mortality among children aged 1–59 months. Progress, however, is possible with sound policy, programmes and investment.

«Welcoming a baby into the world should be a time of great joy, but every day thousands of parents experience unbearable sadness because their babies are still born,” said Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “The tragedy of stillbirth shows how vital it is to reinforce and maintain essential health services, and how critical it is to increase investment in nurses and midwives.”

The report also notes that stillbirth is not only a challenge for poor countries. In 2019, 39 high-income countries had a higher number of stillbirths than neonatal deaths and 15 countries had a higher number of stillbirths than infant deaths. A mother’s level of education is one of the greatest drivers of inequity in high-income countries.

In both low- and high-income settings, stillbirth rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Socioeconomic status is also linked to greater incidence of stillbirth. For example, in Nepal, women of minority castes had stillbirth rates between 40 to 60 per cent higher than women from upper-class castes.

Ethnic minorities in high-income countries, in particular, may lack access to enough quality health care. The report cites that Inuit populations in Canada, for example, have been observed to have stillbirth rates nearly three times higher than the rest of Canada, and African American women in the United States of America have nearly twice the risk of stillbirth compared to white women.

«COVID-19 ha desencadenado una devastadora crisis de salud secundaria para mujeres, niños y adolescentes debido a interrupciones en los servicios de salud que salvan vidas», dijo Muhammad Ali Pate, Director Global de Salud, Nutrición y Población del Banco Mundial y Director de Global Mecanismo de Financiamiento para Mujeres, Niños y Adolescentes. “Las mujeres embarazadas necesitan un acceso continuo a una atención de calidad, durante todo el embarazo y durante el parto. Estamos apoyando a los países en el fortalecimiento de sus sistemas de salud para prevenir la muerte fetal y garantizar que todas las mujeres embarazadas puedan acceder a servicios de atención médica de calidad ”.

OMS Ginebra

Fuente de la Información: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/one-stillbirth-occurs-every-16-seconds-according-first-ever-joint-un-estimates

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Estados Unidos: Nevada Halts Use of Rapid Coronavirus Tests in Nursing Homes, Citing Inaccuracies

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Nevada Halts Use of Rapid Coronavirus Tests in Nursing Homes, Citing Inaccuracies

Nevada has suspended the use of two companies’ rapid coronavirus testing in nursing homes

Nevada has ordered its nursing facilities to immediately suspend the use of two rapid tests for the coronavirus, manufactured by companies Quidel and Becton, Dickinson and Company, after the tests’ performance was found to be lacking, according to a directive issued on Friday by the state’s department of health.

Both tests are portable, simple and speedy, producing results in as little as 15 minutes and bypassing the need to send samples to a laboratory. The tests, which were distributed to nursing homes around the country in August by the federal government, were initially welcomed as a solution to the months of delays and equipment shortages that had stymied efforts to use laboratory-based tests to curb outbreaks.

In September, an analysis by The New York Times found that the pandemic had so far claimed the lives of roughly 77,000 nursing home workers and residents — some 40 percent of the nation’s known Covid-19 fatalities.

But a spate of false-positive results, in which the tests mistakenly designated healthy people as infected, triggered an urgent statewide order to discontinue use of the products “until the accuracy of the tests can be further evaluated,” the Nevada document said.

In submitting their tests to the Food and Drug Administration for emergency clearance, both BD and Quidel stated in their applications that their tests had no false positives.

BD and Quidel’s advertised accuracies are impressive, but “they’re also the ones who made the test,” and are more likely to use it correctly, said Dr. Valerie Fitzhugh, a pathologist at Rutgers University. When confronted with the messiness of real-world conditions, rapid tests like these might not pass muster, she said.

Shannon Litz, a spokeswoman for Nevada’s department of health and human services, said in an email that the agency would be re-evaluating the test’s performance before resuming their use. The decision had been made “in the interest of protecting public health,” Ms. Litz said.

Shortly after the tests were rolled out across the state this summer, nursing homes began to report that people who had been evaluated by both the rapid tests and a more accurate laboratory test were receiving conflicting results. Whereas laboratory tests often rely on a highly reliable if slower technique called polymerase chain reaction, or P.C.R., that can detect very small amounts of coronavirus RNA, rapid tests like those made by BD and Quidel look for bits of coronavirus protein, or antigens, and more often make mistakes.

Among 39 positive antigen test results from both BD and Quidel, 23 were found by P.C.R. to be negative — an error rate of nearly 60 percent.

The results, which were collected from a dozen facilities where thousands of tests had been performed, prompted the state to pivot away from antigen tests to viral RNA tests such as P.C.R., according to the directive. Some nursing homes will also switch to another rapid test called Abbott ID NOW, which has been frequently used by the White House to screen visitors and staff in close contact with President Trump; this test, too, has produced unreliable results.

The number of tests evaluated in Nevada was small, and does not necessarily represent the performance of the antigen tests in other contexts. In communities where the coronavirus is more widespread, for instance, the number of true positives might exceed the number of false positives.

But Susan Butler-Wu, a clinical microbiologist at the University of Southern California, noted that Nevada’s data could be emblematic of a larger issue: the off-label use of tests that are designed and validated for certain populations, but that are then administered to others.

Both BD’s and Quidel’s tests received F.D.A. clearance for use “within the first five days of the onset of symptoms.” The instructions that come with BD’s test have noted that “the performance of this test has not been evaluated for use in patients without signs and symptoms of respiratory infection and performance may differ in asymptomatic individuals.”

In late August, the Department of Health and Human Services began requiring nursing homes to routinely test their residents and staff, including people without symptoms. Days later, the agency extended coverage under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act to include screening for infections in asymptomatic people in nursing homes and other congregate facilities.

The measures were implemented to quash outbreaks among nursing home residents, who tend to be at high risk for infection and serious symptoms if exposed to the virus. But experts have repeatedly warned that in the absence of data demonstrating that the tests can accurately evaluate people with no symptoms, results should not be taken as definitive.

Nevada’s recent testing woes reaffirm “why you can’t take something that’s approved for symptomatic use and apply it to an asymptomatic population,” Dr. Butler-Wu said.

Lisa Sanders, director of media relations at LeadingAge, an association of nonprofit providers of aging services, said several nursing homes in other states had been experiencing issues with BD and Quidel’s tests and reporting them to her organization and the American Health Care Association in recent weeks. Overall, false positives were rare. But more than two dozen facilities reported more than six discordant results — enough to “warrant an investigation,” according to a September report by the A.H.C.A. and LeadingAge.

“There was an immediate effort to find out what’s going on,” Ms. Sanders said. Concern among her colleagues has been high, she added: “If the tests aren’t working, what are you going to do?”

Peter Iwen, director of the Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, said facilities in his state had also collected data suggesting that BD’s test, called the Veritor, yielded a concerning number of false positives. Once further results on these and other rapid tests become available, he added, “we may be shocked at how inaccurate the Covid-19 antigen tests are.”

Quidel’s rapid antigen tests have come under fire before. In August, a testing location in Manchester, Vt., reported a rash of false positives produced by the company’s product, called the Sofia.

In response, Douglas Bryant, president and C.E.O. of Quidel Corporation, told reporters it was “highly likely” the errors had arisen not with the company’s antigen tests but with the P.C.R. tests used to confirm them, which were “at risk of providing inaccurate results.”

When contacted about the Nevada directive, Jeannine Sharp Mason, Quidel’s director of marketing communications, said the company was aware of the situation and remained “confident in the accuracy of our rapid antigen tests.” She added that Quidel was “engaging with the state” to “determine the root cause of the alleged discordance.”

Asked to clarify whether off-label use could have prompted false positives, Ms. Mason declined to comment further, adding only that “nothing at this time tells us there is an issue with the product.”

Kristen Cardillo, BD’s vice president of global communication, said the company was aware of the situation in Nevada and was “conducting thorough investigations.” She added that “based on the information in the directive and the total tests performed, we believe the rate of reported false positives is well within what we would expect for the BD Veritor System.”

Representatives for the Department of Health and Human Services did not respond to requests for comment.

Concerns have also been raised about the ability of antigen tests to accurately pinpoint infections, especially if administered during a period when a person harbors low levels of the coronavirus. BD’s test is advertised as having a false negative rate of 16 percent. Quidel’s is just above 3 percent. The directive from Nevada’s department of health did not report whether the negative antigen test results from nursing homes — there were nearly 3,700 such results — had been confirmed by P.C.R.

In a call with LeadingAge members on Monday, Adm. Brett Giroir, who has been leading the nation’s testing efforts, said antigen tests were “clearly a lifesaving option,” and for many facilities the best test available, given the delays, expenses and shortages that had plagued P.C.R. tests.

“It is perfectly acceptable for congregate care, particularly nursing homes, to use an antigen test, even if they are, quote, off-label,” Dr. Giroir said in the interview. “Just because they don’t have an authorization doesn’t mean they’re not good for it.”

n response to questions about false positives, Dr. Giroir reminded LeadingAge members that in places where the coronavirus is scarce, false positives should be expected to outnumber true positives and do not necessarily invalidate the usefulness of a test. “That’s a function of the way life is,” Dr. Giroir said.

The halt to antigen testing in Nevada’s nursing homes comes just days after health experts criticized the White House, which is now in the midst of a coronavirus outbreak, for a misguided overreliance on rapid testing. For months, officials used two products made by Abbott Laboratories, the ID NOW and the BinaxNOW, to test people without symptoms — another off-label use — while eschewing masks and physical distancing. In September, the White House also began distributing millions of BinaxNOW tests to communities across the country, including nursing homes around the country.

Dr. Geoffrey Baird, a pathologist at the University of Washington who recently received word of Nevada’s pause, said he was worried that the growing number of infections at the White House might actually represent “the best case scenario.” Other communities with fewer resources and less access to high-quality tests, he said, might fare far worse if an infected individual slipped through the diagnostic cracks.

Rapid tests certainly have their place in the pandemic, Dr. Butler-Wu said, but more data was needed before the products were distributed in large numbers. Given the stumbling blocks that have already appeared, she said, “can you imagine doing this on a national scale?”

Fuente de la Información: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/health/nevada-covid-testing-nursing-homes.html

 

 

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Nueva York cerrará más escuelas públicas en medio de violentas protestas

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Las 61 escuelas que cerraron de manera momentánea se suman a un total de 169 en la ciudad.

La ciudad de Nueva York está cerrando 61 escuelas públicas adicionales, elevando a 169 el número cerrado para combatir los puntos calientes de Covid-19, anunció el jueves el alcalde Bill de Blasio mientras la oposición a las restricciones comunitarias se intensificaba en las áreas judías ortodoxas.

Lo antes posible que esas escuelas puedan reabrir sería el 21 de octubre, dijo el alcalde. La ciudad decidió cuál cerrar utilizando zonas codificadas por colores creadas por el estado que denotan tasas de infección; algunos ya se habían cerrado con un sistema anterior basado en códigos postales, dijo de Blasio.

Según Bloomberg, un 308 adicional tendrá exámenes semanales obligatorios de estudiantes y personal.

En los últimos días, los manifestantes han atestado las calles por la noche, quemando máscaras y golpeando a presuntos opositores. De Blasio advirtió sobre las semanas difíciles que se avecinan para todos los neoyorquinos, pero en particular para las personas que residen o poseen negocios en nuevos puntos calientes que se habían reabierto gradualmente mientras las tasas de infección se mantenían bajas.

“La forma en que lo haremos es con unidad, entendiendo que todos estamos juntos en esto”, dijo de Blasio durante una rueda de prensa. «Podemos evitar que este desafío se convierta en una segunda ola en toda regla».

Movimiento hacia atrás

Los residentes temen que la ciudad retroceda hacia los días paralizantes de la primavera pasada, cuando los hospitales rebosaban de capacidad y las muertes llegaban más rápido de lo que las funerarias podían manejar.

El alcalde recitó estadísticas que muestran que los casos recién diagnosticados han llegado a 526 en un promedio móvil de siete días. Eso está peligrosamente cerca de los 550 oficiales de activación establecidos para las restricciones en toda la ciudad. Es una advertencia, ya que los funcionarios de salud se enfocan en áreas problemáticas específicas en Brooklyn y Queens, dijo de Blasio el jueves.

El promedio de siete días de pruebas que arrojaron resultados positivos fue del 1,56% en toda la ciudad, frente al 1,74% del miércoles. El número de ingresos hospitalarios con síntomas similares a los de Covid aumentó a 89 el martes, en comparación con 79 el día anterior. En las zonas afectadas, que representan al menos el 25% de los casos notificados, las tasas de infección han oscilado entre el 3,5% y más del 8%.

A la luz del aumento de las cifras, el gobernador Andrew Cuomo ha exigido que la ciudad intensifique la aplicación de las regulaciones. Las órdenes de ejecución son complicadas porque la mayoría de las áreas de alto riesgo contienen grandes comunidades judías ortodoxas a las que se les dice que restrinjan la reunión justo antes de Simjat Torá, que comienza el viernes por la noche.

Las regulaciones de la zona roja limitan las celebraciones religiosas a grupos de 10 personas, con 25 en la zona naranja y 50% de la capacidad en las zonas amarillas. Los líderes seculares y religiosos cuestionan la política y señalan que, si bien algunas sinagogas son pequeñas, muchas pueden albergar a cientos de fieles.

Ley de la calle

Las últimas dos noches han sido sacudidas por manifestaciones de judíos ortodoxos en las calles de Borough Park, Brooklyn. Heshy Tischler, candidato al Concejo Municipal y personalidad de la radio, ha asumido un papel de liderazgo en provocar la ira de las multitudes, diciendo que usará la fuerza para detener las restricciones. Ha dicho que los demócratas mienten sobre el virus para obtener ventajas políticas.

El miércoles por la noche, cientos llenaron las calles, algunos bailando, la mayoría sin máscara, muchos con carteles de la campaña de Trump, gritando que se negarían a cumplir con las restricciones y el uso de máscaras. En varios lugares, hombres con el tradicional atuendo religioso de chales de oración y kipá prendieron fuego a máscaras en la calle. En un momento dado, Tischler le gritó a la multitud: “Ustedes son mis soldados. Estamos en guerra «.

La mafia atacó a un reportero de Jewish Insider, Jacob Kornbluh, mientras grababa la escena en video.

“Me asaltaron brutalmente, me golpearon en la cabeza y me patearon una multitud enojada de cientos de miembros de la comunidad de la protesta de Boro Park, mientras me gritaban ‘nazi’ y ‘Hitler’”, informó Kornbluh en un mensaje de Twitter. Kornbluh dijo que presentaría cargos de agresión, pero no se realizaron arrestos en el lugar.

Cuomo dijo a los periodistas el jueves que la violencia debe cesar: «Esta es una conducta irracional, ilógica, fea, ilegal y no debe ser tolerada y es una afrenta a la comunidad judía, la comunidad ortodoxa, la comunidad ultraortodoxa. Va en contra de los mejores intereses de todos».

De Blasio dijo que ordenó al comisionado de policía Dermot Shea que no tolerara la infracción de la ley.

Fuente: https://elintransigente.com/2020/10/nueva-york-cerrara-mas-escuelas-publicas-en-medio-de-violentas-protestas/

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Estados Unidos: Niña de 12 años muere por una infestación de piojos y acusan a sus padres de homicidio

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Niña de 12 años muere por una infestación de piojos y acusan a sus padres de homicidio

Una niña de 12 años de Ivey (Georgia, EE. UU.), murió de un paro cardíaco tras sufrir una anemia severa provocada por las picaduras de piojos que tenía desde hacía tres años.

Sus padres ahora están acusados de homicidio y crueldad infantil por haber ignorado los problemas de salud de la menor, informan medios locales.

Kaitlyn Yozviak falleció el pasado 26 de agosto en un hospital, después de que su madre Katie Horton la encontrara sin signos vitales en su cuarto y llamara a una ambulancia.

Según informaron los médicos, la pequeña sufrió un grave pediculosis durante al menos 3 años, que podría haber reducido el nivel de hierro en su sangre.

Después de la muerte de Kaitlyn, las autoridades encontraron piojos en el colchón, los peluches y los muebles de su habitación, reporta AP.

Un trabajador social que estuvo en la casa afirmó que la negligencia de los padres con la menor fue la peor que había visto.

Vecinos, por su parte, contaron que hacía más de un mes que no veían a la niña jugando afuera.

Anteriormente, trabajadores sociales habían recibido varias denuncias por las condiciones peligrosas en su casa, y en 2018 incluso enviaron a Kaitlyn a vivir con una tía durante 6 días. Esa fue la última vez que los servicios sociales visitaron la vivienda.

Fuente de la Información:  https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/368695-nina-muere-piojos-eeuu

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Los hombrecitos de lomo duro

Ilka Oliva Corado

Los hombrecitos de lomo duro

 

No tienen contratos, les dan trabajo de palabra y les pagan lo que el empleador quiera. Son los que más trabajan y los que menos dinero generan. Son los latinoamericanos que trabajan en construcción en Estados Unidos. Sus cuerpos como de niños, como de adolescentes recién en desarrollo, la piel pegada a los huesos, bajos de estatura y hasta un poco enclenques si se les mira bien.

Llegan en parvadas a trabajar en los techos de las casas en construcción, como puntos finos se miran a la distancia de las alturas. Ponen y quitan, ponen  y quitan; martillan, pegan, levantan, todo esto de rodillas. Todo el día de rodillas, toda la semana, todo el año, décadas de rodillas. Como los que ponen las alfombras sobre el piso, metros y metros de alfombras. Estos hombres que en su mayoría son indígenas salidos del campo latinoamericano cambiaron el trabajo de la tierra por el de la albañilería pesada. Porque en Estados Unidos quedó atrás el cernidor, el cincel, la cuchara y la espátula, entre la fumarola de la industrialización las herramientas cambiaron y los lomos de los migrantes indocumentados latinoamericanos son los que cargan las grandes tablas y los paquetes de tejas artificiales que adornan los techos de las casas cuando el brazo robótico de la grúa no alcanza.

Los empleadores que pueden ser estadounidenses anglosajones, latinos con documentos, europeos, asiáticos o negros adinerados, jamás levantan el peso que cargan los lomos de los hombrecitos. En construcción, los lomos fornidos de los trabajadores europeos, galanes, bien nutridos jamás realizan el trabajo que hacen los indocumentados latinoamericanos. Entre el sol abrasador del medio día se les ve trabajando en  los caminos en construcción, en las temperaturas  bajo cero del invierno, en los horarios de madrugada, ahí están los hombrecitos latinoamericanos haciendo el trabajo más pesado porque la maquinaria, el brazo robótico, la grúa, el camión de carga, eso lo maneja el europeo, el anglosajón, el latino nacido en el país, el latino migrante es el que se lanza entre las alcantarillas a destaparlas, es el que hace la zanja, el que saca la tierra, el que carga la cubeta llena de cemento fresco. De estatura parecen niños a la par de los anglosajones y los europeos, de los afros bien fornidos que jamás serán relegados al trabajo de los indocumentados.

Salieron del campo latinoamericano para treparse a los techos de los rascacielos, para pegar paredes de elevadores, para cortar láminas de vidrio, para cargar trozos de árboles que adornan los jardines de las mansiones. Para meterse hasta el cuello en las alcantarillas de las carreteras, de los restaurantes y destapar baños en los estadios. Pequeñitos, insignificantes en estatura en este país de hombres altos y fornidos. Ellos como los pueblos originarios de este país tienen la estatura milenaria y la fuerza y la resistencia milenaria, que pareciera que no se cansaran nunca porque nunca descansan, trabajan de lunes a domingo hasta tres turnos.

Por el trabajo que realizan pudieran pagarles el doble o el triple de lo que ganan sus compañeros europeos o afros, pero no sucede. Y con regularidad el que más se aprovecha de ese lomo curtido es el latino que ya logró tener sus documentos, o el latino nacido en el país que es igual o peor de prepotente que el que ya tiene documentos. Y no digamos si es originario del mismo país, del mismo departamento o del mismo pueblo. Y si es familia a ese lomo se le despelleja con sal y limón y a ese espíritu se le humilla hasta que pierda las esperanzas de todo.

Pero son inquebrantables los hombrecitos de lomo duro, cuando menos se lo esperan los demás, dejan de estar de rodillas y se ponen de pie, no importa si han llevado hincados la mitad de su vida, un día logran ponerse en pie y caminan con la dignidad, fortaleza y resistencia milenaria de sus ancestros.

Audio:e lo que ganan sus compañeros europeos o afros, pero no sucede. Y con regularidad el que más se aprovecha de ese lomo curtido es el latino que ya logró tener sus documentos, o el latino nacido en el país que es igual o peor de prepotente que el que ya tiene documentos. Y no digamos si es originario del mismo país, del mismo departamento o del mismo pueblo. Y si es familia a ese lomo se le despelleja con sal y limón y a ese espíritu se le humilla hasta que pierda las esperanzas de todo.

Pero son inquebrantables los hombrecitos de lomo duro, cuando menos se lo esperan los demás, dejan de estar de rodillas y se ponen de pie, no importa si han llevado hincados la mitad de su vida, un día logran ponerse en pie y caminan con la dignidad, fortaleza y resistencia milenaria de sus ancestros.

Audio:

Autora: Ilka Oliva Corado

Fuente de la Información:https://cronicasdeunainquilina.com/2020/09/30/los-hombrecitos-de-lomo-duro/

 

 

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Trial to get more teachers to NSW regions

Noticias

Trial to get more teachers to NSW regions

A trial program targeting NSW regional schools with the worst teacher shortages will start in term one next year.

NSW Education Minister Sarah Mitchell said it was the second pilot program designed to bring more teachers to regional NSW.

«It can be difficult to attract and retain teachers in rural and remote areas for a number of reasons including travel distances, lack of suitable accommodation close to schools and limited opportunities for teachers to access professional learning,» she said in a statement on Wednesday.

A «hub and spoke» pilot will provide teachers employed in a ‘hub’ school, who can also be sent to nearby ‘spoke’ schools.

«Through this pilot, up to 12 teachers will be employed and will be able to be deployed quickly to a nearby spoke school to cover classes,» she said.

«It will also provide certainty to casual teachers, knowing they have a permanent position.»

The program targets schools with the greatest reported shortages and grouping them in travel distance clusters to reduce average commuting times to less than an hour.

Ms Mitchell also said an in-built relief model first piloted last year, would be extended to carefully selected schools next term.

«One temporary teacher will be embedded in each school to provide relief when permanent teachers are unavailable due to professional development or illness.»

The trials will improve working conditions in rural and remote schools by: reducing commuting time, offering longer engagements, offering temporary or permanent appointments that include leave and other benefits, providing employment certainty, as well as investing in professional development and learning.

Fuente de la Información: https://7news.com.au/news/education/trial-to-get-more-teachers-to-nsw-regions-c-1352962

 

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