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UNICEF: Los niños acusados de brujería y asesinato en Nigeria

Acusar de brujería a un niño es un fenómeno que se extiende cada vez más en ciertas regiones de África y a menudo conduce a hechos violentos contra los menores para «exorcizarlos». Los intentos de criminalizar esta práctica no han conseguido eliminarla.

Africa/Nigeria/el-nacional.com

El estigma de niños como brujos es un fenómeno reciente en la región del Delta del Níger, que súbitamente estalló en los 1990. Antes de eso, las ancianas eran los principales blancos de acusaciones de brujería. Para 2008, se calculaba que 15.000 niños habían sido catalogados como brujos en los estados de Akwa Ibom y de Ríos Cross en el sureste.

Según investigaciones de esa época, los casos que fueron documentados incluían niños y bebés a quienes se les perforó la cabeza con clavos, se forzó a beber cemento, fueron quemados con fuego y ácido, envenenados e incluso enterrados vivos.

Vulnerables

Un informe separado de Unicef en 2010 muestra que son los niños más vulnerables, con discapacidades físicas o enfermedades como epilepsia, quienes son acusados.

Otros son estigmatizados por parecer retraídos, perezosos o revoltosos.

El código criminal de Nigeria prohíbe acusar, o incluso amenazar con acusar a alguien de brujería. Y la Ley de Derechos de los Niños de 2003 establece que es delito someter a un niño a tortura física o emocional, o someterlos a tratamiento inhumano o degradante.

Sin embargo, aunque esta legislación fue puesta en práctica a nivel nacional, los 36 estados del país todavía tienen que ratificarla formalmente. Esto no sólo les otorga a los estados responsabilidad exclusiva, también les permite crear leyes relevantes a sus situaciones específicas.

MARC ELLISON/BBC | Algunos niños viven en refugios temporales mientras se les intenta colocar con parientes.

Solo un 75% de los estados nigerianos han adaptado la Ley de Derechos de los Niños a sus necesidades locales y, hasta ahora, sólo el estado de Akwa Ibom ha incluido provisiones específicas relativas al abuso de supuestos niños brujos. Su ley de 2008 establece que estigmatizar es un delito que lleva a una condena de cárcel de hasta 10 años.

Y a pesar de los esfuerzos, el estado de Río Cross todavía tiene que enmendar su propia versión de la legislación de 2009 específicamente para prohibir el delito.

Pero a pesar de los intentos para criminalizarla, el estigma por brujería continúa practicándose frente a las narices de los gobiernos estatales y de la policía de Akwa Ibom y Río Cross.

Oliver Orok, ministro de Desarrollo Sostenible y Seguridad Social del gobierno de Río Cross le dijo a la BBC que el ministerio estaba «trabajando asiduamente para eliminar estas prácticas».

«El gobierno del estado junto con Unicef y otros socios organizó una cumbre para deliberar sobre una enmienda de la ley para que incluya, entre otras cosas, el asunto de estigmatizar a los niños como brujos y sus consecuencias», afirma Orok.

Según el ministro ha habido un aumento en el apoyo para tratar el asunto y se ha otorgado dinero para construir un hogar para niños en riesgo.

Agrega que cuando se le informa al gobierno sobre algún caso, éste «se moviliza contra esas iglesias y sus profetas».

El abogado James Ibor argumenta que la policía está mal financiada y no está equipada para llevar a cabo este tipo de investigaciones.

«A menudo tenemos que presionar para llevar a cabo investigaciones», afirma. Ibor, que dirige una organización local en Calabar llamada Iniciativa de Consejos de Derechos Básicos (BCRI), que se especializa en casos legales sobre abuso de derechos infantiles, también dirige el refugio de emergencia donde Comfort y sus hermanos están viviendo.

Me cuenta sobre dos niños que fueron envenenados por su padre, que crecía que eran brujos.

Se declaró culpable, pero no hubo recursos para enviar muestras de sangre a la capital, Lagos, para confirmar la causa de muerte de los niños.

Un año después sus cuerpos siguen en la morgue y el padre todavía debe ser juzgado.

Ibor afirma que los casos se postergan por años. Dice que su trabajo se dificulta por la renuencia de la policía y el gobierno para investigar asuntos controvertidos y por la falta de voluntad de familias y comunidades para presentar evidencia.

Agrega que un 25% de sus casos están vinculados a brujería.

Pero este fenómeno no sólo se restringe a las regiones más remotas de Nigeria.

Hace seis meses, los medios del país informaron de 40 niños que fueron rescatados de un «campamento de tortura» de un curandero en la capital de Abuja.

Y en mayo un niño fue golpeado gravemente por su madre con un látigo.

«Así que tenemos las leyes», dice Ibor. «El problema no son las leyes, el problema es implementar esas leyes, y hasta entonces nuestros niños no estarán seguros».

Y responsabiliza a algunos de los «profetas» y «pastores» por sembrar el miedo a través de la región del Delta del Níger, donde son extendidas tanto la pobreza como la creencia en brujería.

Un caso reciente involucró a un niño que fue golpeado cuando la motocicleta de la familia se descompuso. En otro caso, una niña fue acusada y azotada por su padre cuando éste perdió su empleo.

«Venden el miedo para seguir manteniendo a los miembros que continuamente pagan ofrendas y donaciones», dice Ibor.

«Es la única forma de seguir siendo relevante y seguir haciendo dinero».

El año pasado las Naciones Unidas (ONU) realizaron su primer seminario enfocado en brujería, tanto en Nigeria como otros países.

En su informe final indicaron que «el número exacto de víctimas de ese abuso es desconocido, y muchos piensan que no se reportan todos los casos».

La ONU también reconoció el rol que juegan los «empresarios supernaturales» en difundir y legitimar los temores relacionados a la brujería, y en particular, a los niños brujos.

Ebe Ukara, una funcionaria del Comité de Implementación de Derechos de los Niños en Akamkpa, dice que 60% de los casos de abuso infantil que llegan a su escritorio están relacionados a brujería, y por lo general son provocados por la declaración de un pastor.

Esos pastores, dice, pueden obtener una buena ganancia de la gente que acude a ellos pidiendo ayuda, aunque subraya que no todas las iglesias pentecostales embaucan a sus seguidores.

Pero para los «falsos profetas», los niños son blancos fáciles a quienes responsabilizar de la pobreza y las desgracias de familias y comunidades.

Bassey -un habitante local- recuerda el caso de dos niñas que fueron acusadas por un pastor hace dos años en la Iglesia del Divino Sion de Dios en la pequeña ciudad de Akpabuyo en el estado de Río Cross.

Una congregante embarazada se había pasado de su fecha de parto por varias semanas y las niñas, de 7 y 10 años, fueron responsabilizadas y catalogadas como brujas.

La mujer se acercó al pastor de su iglesia local y le pagó para una consulta. Aunque dio a luz con éxito poco después, el daño ya estaba hecho.

Una semana después, Bassey escuchó los gritos de las niñas cuando regresaba del campo. Estaban atadas a una palmera, y tres hombres las estaban golpeando con varas y machetes.

Fuente: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/bbc-mundo/los-ninos-acusados-brujeria-asesinato-nigeria_245363

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Un proyecto de educación para niñas en Nigeria, entre los ganadores de los Premios WISE 2018

África/26 Julio 2018/Fuente: La razón

La Cumbre Mundial para la Innovación en Educación (WISE, por sus siglas en inglés), iniciativa de la Fundación Qatar, ha dado a conocer los seis ganadores de los Premios WISE 2018, que recibirán 20.000 dólares (US), además de visibilidad global y networking con otros líderes educativos. Cada año, los Premios WISE reconocen y promueven proyectos innovadores de todo el mundo que afrontan desafíos globales sobre educación.

Los proyectos abordan una serie de cuestiones educativas apremiantes, incluida la educación de las niñas, la educación en la primera infancia, la crisis de refugiados, el intercambio cultural, los valores de la ciudadanía, el empleo juvenil, el emprendimiento en comunidades desfavorecidas, la educación para sordos, la motivación docente y el pensamiento crítico y creativo.

El CEO de WISE, Stavros N. Yiannouka, felicitó a los galardonados: «Este año recibimos 413 solicitudes para los Premios WISE. Tras un riguroso proceso de selección independiente, nos complace una vez más reconocer seis proyectos educativos innovadores de todo el mundo con los Premios WISE. Además de su excelencia e innovación, los proyectos ganadores del Premio 2019 varían en términos de enfoque y ángulo del proyecto, distribución geográfica y alcance. Los Premios WISE demuestran una vez más que existen organizaciones e individuos en todo el mundo entusiasmados por abordar los desafíos educativos con soluciones innovadoras. Me gustaría aprovechar esta oportunidad para agradecer a todos los jurados de los premios, así como a los miembros del pre-jurado, quienes han realizado un trabajo exhaustivo para evaluar los proyectos».

Los Premios WISE 2018 son para las iniciativas: Safe Spaces Clubs for Girls, de Nigeria; One Village One Pre-School, de China; Generation, de Estados Unidos; Technology-Based Deaf Education, de Pakistán; Partners for Possibility, de Sudáfrica; y 1001 Nights Life Skills and Citizenship Education Program, de Canadá.

Los seis galardonados han sido distinguidos entre un grupo de 413 proyectos, y evaluados de acuerdo a un estricto criterio. Deben ser proyectos educativos ya establecidos, innovadores y que ya hayan demostrado un impacto transformador en los individuos, las comunidades y la sociedad en la que trabajan. También es necesario que sean económicamente estables, que cuenten con un plan de desarrollo claro, y que sean escalables y replicables.

Los seis proyectos galardonados serán reconocidos durante el Fórum de WISE en Nueva York, EE.UU, WISE@NY, el próximo 22 de septiembre. Además de las oportunidades de publicidad y redes de trabajo, cada uno de los proyectos galardonados recibirá 20.000 dólares (US).

Fuente: https://www.larazon.es/sociedad/un-proyecto-de-educacion-para-ninas-en-nigeria-entre-los-ganadores-de-los-premios-wise-2018-PP19166009

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PROMOTING GIRLS EDUCATION: NEED TO DROP TAX ON SANITARY PADS IN NIGERIA

Africa/Nigeria/24.07.18/Source: nigerianobservernews.com.

Among the list of goods that are prohibited from being exported to the country or are otherwise restricted in 2017 are Sanitary Wares of Plastics and Domestic Articles and Wares of Plastics (but excluding Baby Feeding bottles) and flushing cistern and waterless toilets. A way the government can help improve menstrual hygiene is by removing sales tax on feminine hygiene products and regularly distributing free menstrual pads in schools

There is need for Nigerian government to scrap the tax on the sanitary napkins. The move will help more girls to go to school during their periods and also boost their job prospects. It will help schools and government to regularly include menstrual hygiene education in any health programme organised in communities or the larger society as a whole, It will promote girl- child education in Nigeria. It will boost girl- child education in the rural areas in the current economic development process of Nigeria. It will help Nigeria to realise its greatness globally, she must make strong impact by boosting girl- child education in our rural areas. He further said when we harness the potentials of our girl – child education in Nigeria; we will reduce poverty, provide jobs and create wealth as well as create opportunities for future entrepreneurs.

Scrapping of sanity pads tax will help girl-child in proper menstrual education and hygiene that is essential to boost the confidence of female child in contributing positively to the society. The scrapping of sanitary pads will help in tackling biggest barriers of education for girls. We all know that girls in many schools are forced to stay back home during their periods as there are lack of toilets and sanitization facility which creates a big problem to them during these painful days. Periods are one of the leading factors of our country where every girl has to go through pain for five days of every month. However, due to lack of money and high prices of sanitary pads, four out of five women avoid using sanitary napkins. Sanitary pads were taxed at 12 percent under Goods and Services Tax (GST) that was launched in 2017
The scrap of tax on sanitary pads will help more girls to go to school during their periods and boost their job prospects.

Removing the tax on pads will tackle one of the biggest barriers to education for girls, who are often forced to stay at home due to a lack of access to clean hygiene products, while also facing stigma and a lack of toilets in schools.
Periods are among the leading factors for girls to drop out of school in a country where four out of five women and girls are estimated by campaigners to have no access to sanitary pads. I am sure all mothers and sisters will be very happy to hear that sanitary pads are now 100 percent exempt from tax,
Sanitary pads were taxed at more yhan 5 percent under Nigeria’s Goods and Services Tax (GST) that was launched in 2017.
Nigerian girls and women face many challenges when they have their periods, especially in rural areas where a lack of awareness and the cost of pads mean many instead use unsanitary cloth or rags, increasing the risk of infections and disease.
The tax exemption will be a massive boost for girls education in Nigeria.
More than a third of girls in Africa miss school during their periods, as they lack access to toilets or pads, and many receive no education about menstruation before reaching puberty, according to a recent report by charity WaterAid and UNICEF.

Simply having access to sustainable sanitary pads, the school attendance of many adolescent girls in some rural primary schools of Nigeria is improving.
It is now reasonable for me to say that the distribution of sustainable sanitary pads will make a substantial contribution to the support for girl to stay in school. At first, many girls abscond classes when menstruating, fearing the unknown.
In this article I want to promote and advocate for socioeconomic and emotional wellbeing of adolescent girls and young women by influencing positive social change and build girls leadership to improve their quality of lives. Nigerian government must produce the sustainable sanitary pads which are freely distributed to vulnerable girls. The pads are coupled with menstrual hygiene management which are both helping to keep adolescent girls in school.
The sustainable sanitary pads are made of cotton layers with a water proof layer at the bottom in order to guarantee reasonable absorbing capacity. A package contains 4 pads and a panty with small hooks to keep the pads in place. These are packaged in an attractive small bag. And the washing is straight forward: rinse in cold water, wash with soap in lukewarm water, rinse again and hang to dry. There is one other reason for the introduction of sustainable sanitary pads which is an environmentally one: Non-sustainable sanitary pads represent a waste problem, they cannot be recycled and they are poisonous towards the environment because of the plastic component.

In northern Nigeria majority of Adolescent girls do not go to school when menstruating due to reasons ranging from culture to lack of sanitary facilities and menstrual hygiene management. This eventually leads to a sharp increase in dropout rates among girls after 4, 5 and 6 years of primary education.
There are many reasons for the increased cases of Adolescent girls’ absenteeism and dropping out of school but one is that girls tend to stay at home when menstruating, missing 4 or five days out of every school month.
According, to a 2012 Water Aid report entitled “School menstrual hygiene management in Africa: More than toilets”, lack of separate and adequate sanitation and washing facilities in schools also discourages girls from attending school, particularly during menstruation, affecting their school performance and increasing their risk of dropping out.

Menstrual hygiene issues were accountable for 12 to 36 days of absence annually per girl. When their cloths leaked at school, most girls left class to change, and then returned to lessons. However, 11% went home and stayed home and 7% said they didn’t come to school at all on heavy days, according to Save the Children.
To promote girls’ education, after puberty, however, it takes more than exercise books and toilets. They also need materials like sustainable sanitary pads and critical information on how to cope with menstruation.
In Nigeria, the introduction of free primary education in 2004 with the introduction of universal basic education has seen a large increase in the number of pupils going to school but this increase in access has also brought about major infrastructure problems and a big decline in quality. This mostly impinges on poor adolescent girls.
For most girls in rural areas, menstruation is connected with a number of mistaken beliefs, which brings about negative results on their lives and education. The reason why a girl-child stops going to school during menstruation is the pre-conceived myths and misconception about this natural event.
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Source of the notice: https://nigerianobservernews.com/2018/07/promoting-girls-education-need-to-drop-tax-on-sanitary-pads-in-nigeria/

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Nigeria: Seis proyectos educativos innovadores fueron los ganadores de los premios WISE 2018

Redacción: Semana

 Iniciativas para el empoderamiento y la educación de las niñas en Nigeria y programas que pretenden enfrentar la crisis de educación en África son algunos de los ganadores de este premio que resalta el trabajo de distintas organizaciones en pro de la educación del mundo.

La Cumbre Mundial para la Innovación en Educación (WISE, por sus siglas en inglés), instaurada por la Fundación Qatar en el año 2009, es un punto de referencia mundial en los temas de enfoques en la educación. La cumbre que se celebra cada dos años es una plataforma para el pensamiento creativo y el debate del sector.

Esta organización reconoce anualmente seis proyectos innovadores y con éxito que abordan los desafíos mundiales de la Educación y los galardona con el Premio WISE. Este año ya se anunciaron a los ganadores  que recibirán 20.000 dólares, además de visibilidad global y networking con otros líderes educativos.

“Los proyectos abordan una serie de cuestiones educativas apremiantes, incluida la educación de las niñas, la educación en la primera infancia, la crisis de refugiados, el intercambio cultural, los valores de la ciudadanía, el empleo juvenil, el emprendimiento en comunidades desfavorecidas, la educación para sordos, la motivación docente y el pensamiento crítico y creativo” afirma la organización.

‘Safe Spaces Clubs for Girls’ es uno de los ganadores. Su trabajo se enfoca en promover la educación, la salud y el empoderamiento de las adolescentes en el norte de Nigeria a través de programas innovadores, defensa, investigación y alianzas estratégicas. La mayoría de las 600 millones de adolescentes en los países en desarrollo están marginadas, y sus vulnerabilidades y limitaciones son particularmente graves en el África occidental. El matrimonio precoz y el embarazo en particular limitan en gran medida las perspectivas de vida de las adolescentes. A enfrentar esa situación apunta el proyecto.

También fue premiada la organización ‘Generation’ de Estados Unidos. Ellos están orientados a la capacitación de jóvenes desempleados. Crearon una nueva forma de desarrollar habilidades y preparación para el trabajo y la aplican en industrias de alto crecimiento como la salud, la tecnología, el servicio al cliente, las ventas y la venta minorista. “’Generation’ se creó en 2014 para ayudar a cerrar esta brecha, a gran velocidad y escala. Nuestra misión tiene dos vertientes: capacitar a los jóvenes para construir carreras prósperas y sostenibles y proporcionarles a los empleadores el talento altamente capacitado y motivado que necesitan”, afirman.

Y otro de los ganadores es la iniciativa ‘Partners for Possibility’, de Sudáfrica. Hablan de la idea de mejorar la calidad de la educación, mejorar el entorno escolar y fomentar el compromiso entre padres y docentes, pues para ellos son objetivos significativos y alcanzables que proporcionarían una espiral ascendente de cambio real en la sociedad. Es una asociación de aprendizaje conjunto entre directores de escuela y líderes empresariales, que permite la cohesión social a través de asociaciones y permite a los directores convertirse en líderes de cambio en sus escuelas y comunidades. El Programa facilita alianzas intersectoriales recíprocas entre las empresas, el gobierno y el sector social, afirman.

Los Premios WISE 2018 también se entregaron a las iniciativas de  ‘One Village One Pre-School’, en China; ‘Technology-Based Deaf Education’, de  Pakistán y ‘1001 Nights Life Skills and Citizenship Education Program’, en Canadá.

Los seis galardonados han sido distinguidos entre un grupo de 413 proyectos, y evaluados de acuerdo a un estricto criterio. Los proyectos tenían que cumplir varios puntos educativos ya establecidos, innovadores y que hayan demostrado un impacto transformador en los individuos, las comunidades y la sociedad en la que trabajan. También era necesario que estuvieran económicamente estables, que contaran con un plan de desarrollo claro, y que fueran escalables y replicables.

Fuente: https://www.semana.com/educacion/articulo/quienes-son-los-ganadores-de-los-premios-wise-2018/575665

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Nigeria: Ieduman Seeks Review of National Education Policy

Author: Allafrica

Resumen: La necesidad de una revisión holística de las políticas educativas del país fue uno de los aspectos más destacados de la discusión de las partes interesadas en la Feria Eduskill de 2018, organizada por la Red Internacional de Gestión Educativa (IEDUMAN).

The need for a holistic review of the country’s educational policies was one of the highlights of the discussion by stakeholders at the 2018 Eduskill Fair, organised by the International Educational Management Network (IEDUMAN).

In his paper, Prof. Adams Onuka of the Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, emphasised the need to review the country’s educational policies and if necessary, adopt and adapt some of the best modules from around the world.

«We can get policies, for instance, from Korea, Finland or England, from any other place, put a team together to work on them and subsequently bring the outcome to the public domain for discussion. By the time we work through these and add what they lack from our own contents into it, we have a formidable, sustainable, non-somersault policy that will move our education forward.»

The event, which held recently at the Lagos NUT Pavilion, Ikeja, attracted participants from various sectors of the society, including leading academics, government functionaries, students, parents and exhibitors.

Stressing the need to accord education a priority in the country, another speaker, Bunmi Omeke, a lawyer, noted that majority of Nigerians are in agreement that «we need strict policies to get it right in the education sector.»

She said the only way to do this is an «inclusive participation» whereby every sector of the economy is obliged to contribute to the debate. «It is education that will still take us far as a country,»

Omeke, whose presentation focused on how to lay a solid foundation for businesses in the private sector, especially with regard to the business of education, underscored the need to get it right.

«We blame the government all the time, but even the private educator has a case to answer: how far have we impacted the education industry positively and what is our primary motivation, is it just making profits? Education has to do with life and they need to do more. We have a lot of laws in this country, the problem we have is implementation. It will be better if we start considering this.»

The fair, which first held on June 24, 2017, is a platform to showcase vocation in education and thus emphasises vocational skills as vital part of education. The 2018 edition was themed ‘Scaling and Realigning Education for Global Competitiveness’.

Fuente: https://allafrica.com/stories/201806270720.html

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The imperativeness of re-assessing the quality of nigerian educational system

Asia/Nigeria/thechronicleofeducation.com/

Resumen: Nigeria se ha ganado la designación del Gigante de África por el buen valor del tamaño, la población y sus vastos recursos. Sin embargo, el lamentable estado de la infraestructura, el bajo nivel de educación, la erosión del sistema de valores, la falta de buena gobernanza y muchas otras tribulaciones prevalecientes en la sociedad nigeriana han causado que el país pierda rápidamente el respeto en la esfera.Es preocupante que mientras algunos países han reconocido el valor de invertir fuertemente en educación como un vehículo para un crecimiento irremediable y una economía robusta, las prioridades de Nigeria todavía se encuentran en la lucha contra la corrupción, sosteniendo un sistema excesivamente costoso de gobierno y seguridad nacional.


Nigeria has earned the designation of the Giant of Africa by good worth of Nigeria’s size, population and vast resources. However, the pitiable state of infrastructure, low standard of education, erosion of our value system, lack of good governance and many other tribulations prevalent in Nigerian society has caused the country to be fast losing the respect across the sphere.

It is worrying that while some countries have recognised the value of investing heavily in education as a vehicle for irremediable growth and brawny economy, Nigeria’s priorities are still found in fighting corruption, sustaining an excessively expensive system of governance and national security.

Nigeria is blessed amply with all the resources to be the best in all ramifications but yet the educational system is in shambles just because it is a product of the Nigerian structure where in most cases normal things are abnormal and abnormal things normal. The stakeholders in our educational system which includes the government, teachers, administrators, parents, students and the society all have a share of the blame due certain action or inactions.

The function of the family as an institution has been eroded and people fail to realise that children’s exposure to cultural norms determines their level of conformity. The society no longer questions any process but accepts the product no matter how ethically erroneous or terrible they appear, merit and hard work are not longer acknowledged and rewarded but rather easy access and admiration to fraudulent wealth, culture of disorder and defective value system is gradually becoming the order of the day.

A lot of factors seem to be playing a negative role towards improving the quality of the educational system; prominent among the identified influencing factors includes Government disappointing investment in education signified by financial crises between staff and management or government, which often degenerate to various reactions such as strike action.

Another reason for low quality standard in the education system is shortage of teaching staff leading to very high staff-student ratio and overcrowded classrooms resulting in work overload, ineffective instructional delivery, poor supervision, examination malpractices etc thereby affecting quality of instructional process and output. The poor state of facilities which is evidence of poor funding in many schools in Nigeria is not cheering.

Apart from shortage of these amenities many of the available ones either obsolete or in deplorable conditions thereby hindering the achievement of the intended educational goals. The interlink between politics and the society prompts the government at all levels in Nigeria to invests some resources in education so as to control quality and quantity of output from the system. This gesture intends to maintain standard and uniformity in all aspects of education.

To this end, the relevance of quality assurance in the education system which provides a framework for shaping the focus of educational administrators to specific areas of needs, enables continuity in standard of service of any educational system, building quality control mechanism into educational administration Nigeria should be strengthened.

Persistent insecurity remains a social menace that resulted from the weak institutions and social organisation within the country, it is appalling that even with the current security challenges that has led to the kidnap of some school girls so many  schools are still operational without a perimeter fencing thereby exposing the learners and learning facilities to danger and security threats.

In other to improve quality of the educational system the essential factors and actors required to facilitate good policy implementation, quality school administrative practise, effective teaching-learning process, proper accountability mechanism and regular evaluation of educational outcomes needs to be organized and mobilized to the education sector to enhance professional development and expertise.

The funding of the education sector needs to be augmented and should not be left in the hands of the governments alone. Since education is capital expensive; the private institutions and multi-national organizations should play a contributory role in funding education programmes in Nigeria through a robust, workable and beneficial public-private partnership.

Training and development of staff which is as well necessary condition for quality assurance in educational system in Nigeria should be accorded the right attention. Similarly, Provision of more physical facilities and supporting facilities would go a long way to enhance quality administration of learning institutions.

In addition, regular monitoring, supervision and evaluation of educational programmes and processes will assist in identifying lapses in implementation process and equally guide in employing the appropriate remedial measures to improve service delivery and educational outcome. Community participation in the administration of schools should be encouraged so as to foster a harmonious school-community relationship that will enhance the security of learners and learning facilities.

It is hoped that confronting the problems affecting the education system promptly will to a large extent assist in setting up the remedial strategies that will confidently modify the value system and re-model education administration towards meeting the aspiration of the nation to build a veritable standard of education with quality and acceptable products.

In other words before we complain that our school products are not employable, we must confirm if our learning environments are all right, if our evaluation processes are reliable, if our teachers are well trained and committed, if our investment in education is rational and whether our schools are universally acceptable.

© 2018, The Chronicle of Education. Permission to use parts of this article is granted provided that www.thechronicleofeducation.com is properly acknowledged.

Fuente: http://thechronicleofeducation.com/2018/07/03/the-imperativeness-of-re-assessing-the-quality-of-nigerian-educational-system/

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Expired education and Africa’s learning crisis

By The Guardian

The recent dismal report of a new World Bank study, which stated that Africa faced learning crises that may hinder its economic growth and the well-being of the citizens, questions the quality of basic education African governments have been providing their people. It is also an eye-opener to the abysmal degeneration of succession management for the society. Although keen observers of events on the continent have been worried about the celebration of mediocrity pervading key areas of society, this new study has presented bleak hope for Africa’s future, if drastic measures are not taken to address basic education. This is disheartening and highly lamentable.

The World Development Report (WDR) 2018, titled “Learning to Realise Education’s Promise”, was co-launched in Abuja the other day by the World Bank Group, the Federal Ministry of Finance and the Federal Ministry of Education. Whilst the report raised concerns about poor future prospect of millions of young students in low and middle-income countries owing to the failure of their primary and secondary schools to educate them to succeed in life, it also called for greater measurement, action on evidence, and coordination of all education actors.

It claimed that despite “considerable progress in boosting primary and lower secondary school enrollment, … “some 50 million children remain out of school, and most of those who attend school are not acquiring the basic skills necessary for success later in life.”

To substantiate its claims, the report noted that among second-grade students assessed on numeracy tests in several sub-Saharan African countries, three-quarters could not count beyond 80 and 40 per cent could not solve a one-digit addition problem. It went further to add: “In reading, between 50 and 80 per cent of children in second grade could not answer a single question based on a short passage they had read, and a large proportion could not read even a single word.”

Concerning Nigeria, the study found out that, when fourth grade students were asked to complete a simple two-digit subtraction problem, more than three-quarters could not solve it. It further stated that “Among young adults in Nigeria, only about 20 per cent of those who complete primary education can read. These statistics do not account for 260 million children who for reasons of conflict, discrimination, disability, and other obstacles, are not enrolled in primary or secondary school.”

Deon Filmer and Halsey Rogers, World Bank Lead Economists, who co-directed the report team, summarized the report when they stated “too many young people are not getting the education they need.” This remark corroborated the observation of Prof. Gamaliel O. Prince, the Vice Chancellor of University of America, California, who remarked at the matriculation of its Nigerian affiliate students, that Nigerians are receiving expired education. The question now is, what kind of education do African young people need?

As if a section of Nigerian youths foresaw the World Bank report, they had, two weeks, earlier flayed the poor education of Nigerian leaders, and had set a list of criteria for the next president. According to them, “many of our past and present leaders are an embarrassment to the country due to their very low educational background and lack of exposure.” These remarks are very instructive because, if today’s leaders, reputed to have had quality basic education, are leading the country astray, the quality of future leaders leaves little to imagine about when the discouraging report of the World Bank is considered.

The vital point that should not be missed in the interpretation of the report is the emphasis on quality basic education. This aspect speaks to Nigeria, where the idea of the educated is construed on the basis of holding a university degree. What kind of education would one claim to have acquired if he earned a university degree and cannot solve the problems of basic numeracy and comprehension? What kind of outcomes would be accomplished by the kind of learning provided by today’s educational institutions? This is not to assert that Nigeria does not have well-trained and adequate manpower. This is far from the truth. The highly quality manpower and human resources which Nigeria has in abundance could be seen in the value Nigerian professionals have added to the growth and progress of other countries.

As this newspaper has always admonished, addressing the problem of education in this country demands emergency response. What this country needs is a leadership that is vision-casting enough to align its human resources for growth in production. All it takes is a vision, the political will to realize that vision, and the sincerity of purpose in mobilizing the people around that vision. If learning is to be impactful and effective as to lead to personal development and pragmatic relevance to society, then Nigeria and all of Africa must first of all, understand the problem they face. Owing to the experiences of colonization, neo-colonization and even globalization, Nigeria and other African countries find themselves in the shackles of economic slavery, and have tied their educational curricula to exploitable learning models that service foreign powers.

Because the structure of income-generation and production has a part to play in learning outcomes in African countries, education ministries and stakeholders of such countries must see learning as a tool for solving problems and generating production in the society. Education should have a promise for children and youths in Africa; incentives should be made available for structured learning.

One of the maladies of African leaders is cronyism and nepotism. This extension of selfish interests to the benefits of family, friends, clans, ethnic groups and political party loyalists has encouraged the dominance of mediocrity in leadership in a manner that suffocates excellence. African leaders should build a culture of succession management founded on excellence so that the right persons in the right places would think out the right policies to move their countries forward. They should take a cue from forward-looking countries by identifying the best in all fields, and positioning them as managers for national reconstruction.

Furthermore, African leaders should go back to the drawing-board and identify the problems facing their people, and on the basis of this, begin to design curricula that should enable African children think inwards. Learning models should consider the role of history in understanding the African predicament and how it can empower them to think about Africa’s place in a competitive world. These models should also stress the relevance of language in learning.

To effectively get this done in Nigeria, especially, and save the nation from its many crises, it is indeed apparent that restructuring into a properly run federalism would have to drive structured learning.

Source of the article: https://guardian.ng/opinion/expired-education-and-africas-learning-crisis/

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