América del Norte

Estados Unidos/Enero de 2017/Autor: Marcelo Rochabrun/Fuente: Propública

RESUMEN: Al prohibir a los recién llegados de siete países que ingresen a los Estados Unidos durante los próximos 90 días, el presidente ha utilizado un lenguaje que afectará a los que están en los Estados Unidos ya con visas y tarjetas verdes. Una portavoz del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional dijo a Reuters el sábado por la mañana que la orden ejecutiva del Presidente de hecho detendrá a los titulares de tarjetas verdes de siete países de regresar a los Estados Unidos si viajan al extranjero. «Abrirá a los titulares de tarjetas verdes», dijo la portavoz. Cuando más detalles se filtraron esta semana sobre una serie de órdenes ejecutivas relacionadas con la inmigración del presidente Donald Trump, mucha discusión pública se centró en la prohibición de 30 días de nuevas visas para ciudadanos de siete países «propensos al terrorismo». Pero la orden firmada esta tarde por Trump es en realidad más severa, aumentando la prohibición a 90 días. Y sus efectos podrían extenderse mucho más allá de impedir que los recién llegados de Irán, Irak, Libia, Somalia, Sudán y Yemen, entren en los EE.UU., advogados consultados por ProPublica dijo.

In banning newcomers from seven countries from entering the United States for the next 90 days, the president has used language that will affect those who are in the U.S. already on visas and green cards.

When details leaked earlier this week about a spate of immigration-related executive orders from President Donald Trump, much public discussion focused on a 30-day ban on new visas for citizens from seven “terror-prone” countries.

But the order signed this afternoon by Trump is actually more severe, increasing the ban to 90 days. And its effects could extend well beyond preventing newcomers from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen, from entering the U.S., lawyers consulted by ProPublica said.

It’s also expected to have substantial effects on hundreds of thousands of people from these countries who already live in the U.S. under green cards or on temporary student or employee visas.

Since the order’s travel ban applies to all “aliens” — a term that encompasses anyone who isn’t an American citizen — it could bar those with current visas or even green cards from returning to the U.S. from trips abroad, said Stephen Legomsky, a former chief counsel to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services under President Obama.

“It’s extraordinarily cruel,” he said.

The order bans the “entry” of foreigners from those countries and specifically exempts from the ban those who hold certain diplomatic visas.

Not included in the exemption, however, are those who hold long-term temporary visas — such as students or employees — who have the right to live in the United States for years at a time, as well as to travel abroad and back as they please.

“If applied literally, this provision would bar even those visitors who had made temporary trips abroad, for example a student who went home on winter break and is now returning,” Legomsky said on Friday evening executive order.

Trump made “extreme vetting” of foreigners a cornerstone of his campaign, particularly those from countries that are predominantly Muslim and that he considers hostile to the U.S.

“I’m establishing new vetting measures to keep radical Islamic terrorists out of the United States of America. We don’t want them here,” Trump said this afternoon, describing the intention of the executive order. “We want to ensure that we are not admitting to our country the very threats our soldiers are fighting overseas.”

Trump signed the directive just before 5 p.m. but it took the White House almost three hours to release the actual text.

About 25,000 citizens from the seven countries specified in Trump’s ban have been issued student or employment visas in the past three years, according to Department of Homeland Security reports.

On top of that, almost 500,000 people from the seven countries have received green cards in the past decade, allowing them to live and work in the United States indefinitely. Legally speaking, green card holders are considered aliens. While lawyers are unsure if they would actually be barred from reentering the U.S. if they have traveled abroad, they conceded it’s a possibility.

The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment asking for clarification on the meaning of the executive order.

Citizens of Iran and Iraq far outnumber those from the other five countries among green card and visa holders. In the past 10 years, Iranian and Iraqi citizens have received over 250,000 green cards.

Iran also has the 11th most students in the U.S. among foreign nations, according to the Institute of International Education’s Open Doors report, which tracks the demographics of international students.

“We are inundated with calls and questions of how this is going to affect people,” said Jamal Abdi, policy director for the National Iranian American Council, an organization that advocates for better relations between Iranian and American people.

Abdi is concerned the temporary ban will become permanent. The order says the 90-day ban is meant to allow the U.S. and the seven targeted countries to discuss what information would need to be shared in order to start granting visas once again. But if no agreement is reached, citizens would remain blocked from entry.

“My interpretation is that the Iranian government is not going to comply regarding sharing information,” Abdi said, “which would render this a permanent ban.”

Fuente: https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-executive-order-could-block-legal-residents-from-returning-to-america

Imagen: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/28/us/trumps-immigration-ban-disapproval-applause.html?_r=0